Article 1
Cultural heritage as regulated in this Law includes both intangible and tangible cultural heritage. It comprises intellectual and material products with historical, cultural and scientific value that are passed on from generation to generation in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
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Article 4
In this Law, the below terms are defined as follows:
1. Intangible cultural heritageconsists of intellectual products with historical, cultural or scientific value that have been preserved by memory, writing, passed down through oral tradition, teaching, performance and all other means and forms. It includes language, writing, works of literature, art, science, oral tradition, folklore, ways of life, lifestyles, festivals, secrets of traditional handicrafts, knowledge of traditional medicine, cuisine, ethnic costumes and other forms of traditional knowledge.
2. Tangible cultural heritageconsists of material products with historical, cultural or scientific value, including historical-cultural sites, scenic landscapes, relics, antiquities and national treasures.
3. Historical-cultural sitesconsist of monuments and locales, as well as the relics, antiquities or national treasures at those monuments and locales with historical, cultural or scientific value.
4. Scenic landscapesare spots with natural beauty, or sites including both natural beauty and architectural monuments with historical, aesthetic or scientific value.
5. Relicsare objects handed down from the past with historical, cultural or scientific value.
6. Antiquitiesare objects handed down from the past with significant historical, cultural or scientific value, with an age of one hundred years or more.
7. National treasures are objects handed down from the past with historical, cultural or scientific value of exceptional significance to the country
8. Copies of relics, antiquities, or national treasures are products made to resemble the original in appearance, size, material, decoration, and other features.
9. Collections are sets of relics, antiquities, or national treasures or intangible cultural heritage that have been collected, preserved and classified according to a system of general features of appearance, content or materials in order to meet the needs of understanding natural and social history.
10. Archaeological surveys and excavations are scientific activities to discover, collect and research relics, antiquities or national treasures and to discover and research archaeological sites.
11. Preservation of historical-cultural sites, scenic landscapes, relics, antiquities or national treasures consists of activities to prevent or limit the threat of damage to historical-cultural sites, scenic landscapes, relics, antiquities and national treasures, without changing their original character.
12. Restoration of historical-cultural sites or scenic landscapes consists of activities to repair, reinforce or restore historical-cultural sites or scenic landscapes.
13. Reconstruction of historical-cultural sites or scenic landscapes consists of activities to rehabilitate damaged or destroyed historical-cultural sites or scenic landscapes, based on historical records and scientific data about the historical-cultural site or scenic landscape.
