Il se peut que l'exécution d'une demande d'entraide judiciaire soit "refusée si elle est de nature à porter atteinte à la souveraineté nationale ou à l'ordre public" (Article 18 de la Loi n° 09-04 du 5 août 2009 portant règles particulières relatives à la prévention et à la lutte contre les infractions liées aux technologies de l'information et de la communication).

Australia has actioned a mutual assistance request for material lawfully obtained by Australian police in an investigation into child exploitation material. The request was based on a joint police investigation across multiple countries into an international network using websites to disseminate child exploitation material. The offences concerned in this request related to the possession and distribution of and engagement in child exploitation material as well as child sex and grooming offences. Due to the foreign country making use of existing police-to-police contacts the request defined the exact assistance needed and facilitated the provision of the material to the foreign country in less than three months.

It is strongly advised to make a preservation request prior to the issuance of an MLA request aimed at obtaining computer data.

When seeking assistance that requires the issuance of compulsory measures (e.g. production orders, search warrants, orders compelling statements/testimony), a requesting country must provide Canada with sufficient and clear information to establish a connection between the foreign investigation or prosecution and the evidence or assistance requested. It is also important for the requesting state to have preserved the records. In addition, it is important for the requesting state to clearly set out the scope of the assistance sought and any applicable time deadlines.

For example, Canada received a request for assistance in relation to allegations of possession and distribution of child pornography. It was alleged that the suspect used an e-mail account to distribute child pornography. The requesting country asked that Canada provide records from the internet service provider for the e-mail account. The request contained sufficient and clear information to establish a connection between the foreign investigation and the e-mail account believed to be used in the commission of the offences. As such, Canada was able to obtain the necessary court orders without any delays.

طلب مساعدة قضائية واردة من أحدي الدول بشأن ضبط جهازحاسب ألي لمواطن و ذلك لقيامه باستخدام الحاسب في نقل أموال بطريقة غير مشروعة من حساب المجني عليه ببنك الكائن بالدولة الطالبة. تم تنفيذ طلب المساعدة عبر النيابة بأن استصدرت اذنا لللشرطة بضبط و تفتيش ذلك الحاسب و استخلاص ما به من بيانات متعلقة بتلك الجريمة ، عقب تنفيذ المطلوب تم اعادة الطلب عبر قطاع التعاون الدولي و الثقافي .

Broadly, police-to-police co-operation is used to direct ongoing investigations to find the best and most efficient way to collect evidence in a way that it could be officially accepted in front of a court. Mutual (legal) assistance is the official exchange of information, where different legal procedures are followed to gather information, which then is subsequently used as evidence.

Generally, when the case reaches the threshold "reason to suspect that a criminal offence has been committed" and a criminal investigation shall be carried out, formal MLA procedures are applied. In other words, MLA instruments apply during the criminal investigation stage. Before that stage, instruments of police-to-police cooperation may apply.

Different types of information can be exchanged trough police-to-police cooperation, but the purpose needs to be clearly defined and information shall only be used for this defined purpose. In cases where coercive measures need to be applied to gather the requested information, police-to police cooperation is not possible.

Réception en urgence, par courriel à l'autorité centrale française, d'une demande visant notamment la copie de données informatiques et l'assistance d'enquêteurs étrangers à l'exécution d'une demande, s'agissant d'une affaire d'atteinte à l'intégrité de systèmes de traitement automatisés de données, en vue d'investigations prévues une semaine plus tard. Grâce à la bonne coordination entre autorités centrales, cette demande a pu être transmise à l'autorité judiciaire compétente pour exécution en moins de 24 heures, et a permis l'exécution des actes sollicités en moins d'une semaine.

Provided the essential principles of German law are not violated, the national law of the Federal Republic of Germany allows, on the basis of reciprocity, for execution of incoming requests for legal assistance without bilateral or multilateral agreements having been made under international law. Requests from foreign authorities are subject to the same procedural requirements as those that apply to a German criminal investigation. If mutual legal assistance is not covered by a relevant international agreement, international assistance is based on the Law on International Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (IRG) of 23 December 1982 (particularly Sections 59-67a IRG). If bilateral or multilateral agreements have been concluded between Germany and other States, these are the main authoritative texts governing mutual legal assistance. German law does require dual criminality in cases of extradition and enforcement of sentences. In the field of mutual legal assistance, however, dual criminality is generally not required. An exception applies in cases where legal assistance involves taking coercive measures.

State should continually cooperate with other countries and international organisations poised to combat cybercrime due to the transnational nature of cybercrime.

There are two separate pre-conditions; (a) when the request has been made pursuant to a MLAT/MLAA, the request shall meet the requirements provided for by the MLAT/MLAA or (b) when there is no applicable MLAT/MLAA, the request shall include a reciprocity guarantee, on the basis of which the requesting country undertakes to honour a request of the same kind made by Japan.