Module 2 introduces students to international conventions, guidelines, and organizations relevant to preventing and suppressing wildlife trafficking. The Module examines international law across four areas, including international trade, environmental protection and conservation, animal welfare, and organized crime and corruption. It explains the operation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in some depth, followed by briefer overviews of the Convention on Biological Diversity , the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage , the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals , the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime , and the United Nations Convention against Corruption . The Module further outlines a selection of 'soft law' materials and best practice guidelines relevant to combating wildlife trafficking. Students gain an understanding of the design and practical operation of international frameworks and are introduced to the work of some related international organizations, including INTERPOL and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Relevant gaps and deficiencies in international legal frameworks and international efforts in this field are highlighted.
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