This module is a resource for lecturers

 

References

 
  • Actman, Jani, ‘Cecil the lion Died Amid Controversy – Here’s What’s Happened Since’ (2018) National Geographic
  • Ahmed, Abrar, Imperilled Custodians of the Night: A study on illegal trade, trapping and utilization of owls in India (TRAFFIC India/WWF-India, 2010)
  • Alacs, Erika & Arthur Georges, 'Wildlife across our borders: a review of the illegal trade in Australia' (2008) 40(2) Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 1
  • Ayling, Julie, A regulatory approach to demand reduction in the illegal wildlife market, RegNet Research Papers No.82 (2015)
  • Baker, Sandra E, 'Rough Trade: Animal Welfare in the Global Wildlife Trade' (2013) 63(12) BioScience 928
  • Bale, Rachael, ‘Cecil the Lion: Charges Dropped Against professional Hunter’ (2016) National Geographic
  • Broad, Steven et al, 'The Nature and Extent of Legal and Illegal Trade in Wildlife', in Sara Oldfield, Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation (Routledge, 2012)
  • Broad, Steven & Richard Damania, Competing demands: Understanding and addressing the socio-economic forces that work for and against tiger conservation, Global Tiger Initiative Thematic & Working Paper Series (April 2010)
  • Bürgener, Markus et al, Towards a Sustainable Wildlife Trade: An Analysis of Nature Conservation Legislation in South Africa with Particular Reference to the Wildlife Trade (University of Cape Town, Institute of Criminology, 2001)
  • Bulte, Erwin H & Richard Damania, 'An Economic Assessment of Wildlife Farming and Conservation' (2005) 19 Conservation Biology 1222
  • Callister, Debra J, Corrupt and Illegal Activities in the Forest Sector (The World Bank Group, 1999)
  • Cantú Guzmán, Juan Carlos et al, The Illegal Parrot Trade in Mexico: a comprehensive assessment (Defenders of Wildlife, 2007)
  • Cerling, T E, et al, 'Radiocarbon dating of seized ivory confirms rapid decline in African elephant populations and provides insight into illegal trade' (2016) 113(47) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 13330
  • Chausson, Alexandre M et al, 'Understanding the Sociocultural Drivers of Urban Bushmeat Consumption for Behavior Change Interventions in Pointe Noire, Republic of Congo (2019) Human Ecology [advance release]
  • CITES Secretariat, Wildlife Crime (undated)
  • Courchamp, Franck et al, 'Rarity Value and Species Extinction: The Anthropogenic Allee Effect' (2006) 4(12) PlosOne [s.p.]
  • Crosta at al, Grinding Rhino: An Undercover Investigation on Rhino Horn Trafficking in China and Vietnam (Elephant Action League, July 2017)
  • d'Agrosa, Caterina et al, 'Vaquita Bycatch in Mexico's Artisanal Gillnet Fisheries: Driving a Small Population to Extinction' (2000) 14(4) Conservation Biology 1110
  • d'Cruze, Neil & David W Macdonald, 'A review of global trends in CITES live wildlife confiscations' (2016) 15 Nature Conservation, 47
  • Dee, Laura E, 'Conservation and management of ornamental coral reef wildlife' (2014) 169 Biological Conservation 225
  • Eck, John E et al, 'Risky Facilities: Crime Concentration in Homogenous Sets of Establishments and Facilities' (2007) 21 Crime Prevention Studies 225
  • EIA, High profit/low risk: Reversing the wildlife crime equation, A briefing for the Kasane Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade (EIA, 25 March 2015)
  • EIA, In Cold Blood: Combating Organized wildlife crime (EIA, 2014)
  • Eudey, Ardith A, 'The Crab-Eating Macaque (Macaca fascicularis): Widespread and Rapidly Declining' (2008) 23(1) Primate Conservation 129
  • European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy, Wildlife Crime (2016)
  • FAO, Bushmeat sourcebook (2015)
  • FAO & ITTO, Best Practices for Improving Law Compliance in the Forestry Sector (FAO, 2005)
  • Felbab-Brown, Vanda, The Extinction Market: Wildlife Trafficking and How To Counter It (Oxford University Press, 2017)
  • Ferretti, F et al, Global Consequences of Shark Declines, Lenfest Ocean Program Research Series (August 2010).
  • Global Witness, 'Buyers in Good Faith': How Timber Exporters are Complicit in Plundering Peru's Amazon (Global Witness, 2017)
  • Gluszek, Sarah et al, Urban Bushmeat Trade in Kinshasa and Brazzaville,report prepared for the Wildlife Conservation Society (April 2018)
  • Harrison, Joseph R et al, 'Assessing the extent and nature of wildlife trade on the dark web' (2016) 30(4) Conservation Biology 900
  • Heinrich, Sarah et al, 'Where did all the pangolins go? International CITES trade in pangolin species' (2016) 8 Global Ecology and Conservation 241
  • Hinsley, Amy, The role of online platforms in the illegal orchid trade from South East Asia (The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, September 2018)
  • Holden, M H & E McDonald-Madden, 'High prices for rare species can drive large populations extinct: the anthropogenic Allee effect revisited' (2017) Journal of Theoretical Biology 170
  • IFAW, Wanted - Dead or Alive: Exposing Online Wildlife Trade (IFAW, [undated])
  • Jaramillo-Legoretta, Armando et al, 'Saving the Vaquita: Immediate Action, Not More Data' (2007) 21(6) Conservation Biology 1653
  • Kishor, Nalin & Richard Damania, 'Crime and Justice in the Garden of Eden: Improving Governance and Reducing Corruption in the Forestry Sector', in J Edgardo Campos & Sanjay Pradhan (eds), The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at Sector Level (The World Bank Group, 2007)
  • Kurland, Justin & Stephen F Pires, 'Assessing U.S. Wildlife Trafficking Patterns: How Criminology and Conservation Science Can Guide Strategies to Reduce the Illegal Wildlife Trade' (2017) 38(4) Deviant Behaviour 375
  • Kurland, Justin et al, 'Wildlife crime: a conceptual integration, literature review, and methodical critique' (2017) 6(4) Crime Science 1
  • Lemieux, Andrew M & Ronald V Clarke, 'The International Ban on Ivory Sales and its Effects on Elephant Poaching in Africa' (2009) British Journal of Criminology 451
  • Liu, Shang-Yin Vanson et al, 'DNA Barcoding of Shark Meats Identify Species Composition and CITES-Listed Species from the Markets in Taiwan' (2013) 8(11) PlosOne [s.p.]
  • Livingstone, Emily et al, 'A review of bear faming and bear trade in the Lao People's Democratic Republic' (2018) 13 Global Ecology and Conservation [s.p.]
  • Livingstone, Emily & Chris R Shepherd, 'Bear farms in Lao PDR expand illegally and fail to conserve wild bears' (2015) 50 Oryx 176
  • Maingi, John K et al, 'Spatiotemporal patterns of elephant poaching in south-eastern Kenya' (2012) 39(3) Wildlife Research 234
  • Maldonado, Angela Maria & Thomas Lafon, 'Biomedical Research vs Biodiversity Conservation in the Colombian-Peruvian Amazon: Searching for Law Enforcement Where There is a Lack of Accountability', in David Rodríguez Goyes et al (eds), Environmental Crime in Latin America: The Theft of Nature and the Poisoning of the Land (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017) 261
  • McManus, J et al, Effects of Some Destructive Fishing Methods on Coral Cover and Potential Rates of Recovery (1997) Environmental Management
  • Miller, Jackson et al, Species of Crime: Typologies & Risk Metrics for Wildlife Trafficking (C4ADS, May 2015)
  • Miller-Spiegel, Crystal, Primates by the Numbers: The Use and Importation of Nonhuman Primates for Research and Testing in the United States (NCBI, 2011)
  • Moreto, William D., and Andrew M. Lemieux. "From CRAVED to CAPTURED: Introducing a product-based framework to examine illegal wildlife markets." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 21.3 (2015): 303-320
  • Moreto, William D & Stephen Pires, Wildlife Crime: An Environmental Criminology and Crime Science Perspective (Carolina Academic Press, 2018)
  • Nellemann, Christian et al, The Last Stand of the Gorilla: Environmental Crime and Conflict in the Congo Basin (UNEP, 2010)
  • Nijman, Vincent & Chris R Shepherd, Wildlife Trade from ASEAN to the EU: Issues with the trade in captive-bred reptiles from Indonesia (TRAFFIC, 2009)
  • Patel, Nikkita Gunvant et al, 'Quantitative methods of identifying the key nodes in the illegal wildlife trade network' (2015) 112(26) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 7948
  • Petrossian, Gohar A & Robald V Clarke, 'Explaining and Controlling Illegal Commercial Fishing: An Application of the CRAVED Theft Model' (2014) 57 British Journal of Criminology 73
  • Petrossian, Gohar A et al, 'An overview of seized illegal wildlife entering the United States' (2016) 17(2) Global Crime 181
  • Petrossian, Gohar A et al, 'Factors affecting crab and lobster species subject to IUU Fishing' (2015) 106 Ocean & Coastal Management 29
  • Phelps et al, Jacob, 'Tools and terms for understanding illegal wildlife trade' (2016) 14(9) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 479
  • Phillips, Clive C J, The Animal Trade (CABI, 2015)
  • Pires, Stephen F, 'The Heterogeneity of Illicit Parrot Markets: An Analysis of Seven Neo-Tropical Open-Air Markets' (2015) 21 European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 1
  • Pires, Stephen F & Ronald V Clarke, 'Are Parrots CRAVED? An Analysis of Parrot Poaching in Mexico' (2012) 49(1) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 122
  • Pires, Stephen F & William D Moreto, The Illegal Wildlife Trade, Oxford Handbooks Online (Oxford University Press, 2016)
  • Pires, Stephen F & Gohar A Petrossian, 'Understanding parrot trafficking between illicit markets in Bolivia: an application of the CRAVED model' (2016) 40(1) International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 63
  • Rosen, Gail E & Katherine F Smith, 'Summarizing the evidence on the international trade in illegal wildlife' (2010) 7 EcoHealth 24
  • Schmidberger, A et al, 'Development and application of a method for ivory dating by analyzing radioisotopes to distinguish legal from illegal ivory' (2018) 289 Forensic Science International 363
  • Shepherd, Chris R & Vincent Nijman, Pet Freshwater Turtle and Tortoise Trade in Chatuchack Market, Bangkok, Thailand (TRAFFIC, 2008)
  • South, Nigel & A Brisman, 'Critical Green Criminology, Environmental Rights and Crimes of Exploitation', in Simon Winlow & Roland Atkinson (eds), New Directions in Crime and Deviance (Routledge, 2013) 99
  • Strydom, Hennie, 'Transnational Organized Crime and the Illegal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora', in Pierre Hauck & Sven Peterke (eds), International Law and Transnational Organized Crime (Oxford University Press, 2016) 264
  • Sundari, Anita & Crawford Allan, Dismantling Wildlife Crime, Executive Summary (WWF, TRAFFIC, November 2012)
  • Sung, Yik-Hei & Jonathan Fong, 'Assessing consumer trends and illegal activity by monitoring the online wildlife trade' (2018) 227 Biological Conservation 227
  • Symes, William S et al, 'The gravity of the wildlife trade' (2018) 218 Biological Conservation 268
  • Tacconi. Luca, 'Defining Illegal Forest Activities and Illegal Logging', in Daniela Kleinschmitt et al (eds), Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade - Dimensions, Drivers, Impact and Responses, IUFRO World Series vol 35 (2016)
  • Tella, José J & Fernando Hiralod, 'Illegal and Legal Parrot Trade Shows a Long-Term, Cross-Cultural Preference for the Most Attractive Species Increasing Their Risk of Extinction' (2014) 9(9) Plos One [s.p.]
  • Tensen, Laura, 'Under what circumstances can wildlife farming benefit species conservation?' (2016) 6 Global Ecology and Conservation 286
  • Tompson, Lisa et al, 'Hot Routes: Developing a New Technique for the Spatial Analysis of Crime' (2009) 1(1) Crime Mapping: A Journal of Research and Practice 77
  • UN ECOSOC, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Illicit trafficking in protected species of wild flora and fauna and illicit access to genetic resources, Report of the Secretary-General, UN Doc E/CN.15/2003/8 (4 March 2003)
  • UN General Assembly, Tackling illicit trafficking in wildlife, UN Doc A/RES/69/314 (19 August 2015)
  • UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in the Central African Republic, UN Doc S/2013/261 (3 May 2013)
  • UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in the Central African Republic, 15 June-15 October 2018, UN Doc S/2018/922 (15 October 2018)
  • United States, Department of Justice, US Attorney's Office, Southern District of California, 'Three Charged with Illegal Trafficking of USD 17 Million Worth of Sea Cucumber', News Release (26 May 2017)
  • UNODC, Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit (United Nations, 2006)
  • UNODC, Guide on Drafting Legislation to Combat Wildlife Crime (United Nations, September 2018)
  • UNODC, 'Wildlife and Forest Crime: Overview' (2019) <https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/wildlife-and-forest-crime/overview.html>
  • UNODC, World Wildlife Crime Report: Trafficking in protected species (UNODC, 2016)
  • UNODC, Wildlife Crime Status Update 2017, Research Brief (UNODC, 2017)
  • Vallianos, Christina, Pangolins on the brink (Wildaid, 2016)
  • Vigne, Lucy & Esmond Bradley Martin, 'Closing down the illegal trade in rhino horn in Yemen' (2001) 30 Pachyderm 8
  • von Essen, Erica, et al, 'Deconstructing the poaching phenomenon: A review of typologies for understanding illegal hunting' (2014) 64 British Journal of Criminology 632
  • van Solinge, Tim Boekhut, 'Organized Forest Crime: A Criminological Analysis with Suggestion from Timber', in Daniela Kleinschmitt et al (eds), Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade - Dimensions, Drivers, Impact and Responses, IUFRO World Series vol 35 (2016) 81
  • van Uhm, Daan, 'Illegal Wildlife Trade to the EU and Harms to the World', in Toine Spapens et al, Environmental Crime in Transnational Context: Global Issues in Green Enforcement and Criminology (2016) 43
  • van Uhm, Daan, 'Wildlife and Laundering: Interaction between the under and upper world', in Toine Spapens et al (eds), Green Crime and Dirty Money (Routledge, 2018) 197
  • Warchol, Greg, 'The Transnational Illegal Wildlife Trade' (2004) 17(1) Criminal Justice Studies 57
  • Wasser, S K et al, 'Genetic assignment of large seizures of elephant ivory reveals Africa's major poaching hotspots' (2015) 349(6423) Science
  • Wellsmith, Melanie, 'Wildlife Crime: The Problems of Enforcement' (2011) 17 European Journal of Policy Research 125
  • Weston, M K & M A Memon, 'The Illegal Parrot Trade in Latin America and its Consequence to Parrot Nurtrion, Health and Conservation' (2009) 9 Bird Populations 76
  • Wiersema, Annecoos, 'Incomplete Bans and Uncertain Markets in Wildlife Trade' (2016) 12 University of Pennsylvania Asian Law Review 65
  • Wildlife Justice Commission. Snapshot Analysis Ivory Smuggling: 2015-2019 Concealment, routes and transportation methods (2019).
 
Regional perspective: Pacific Islands
 
  • Altherr, Sandra and Katharina Lameter, Stolen Wildlife III: The EU – A main hub and destination for illegally caught exotic pets, ProWidlife, 2020
  • Altherr, Sandra and Nicola Hodgins, 2018, Small Cetaceans, Big Problems: A global review of the impacts of hunting on small whales, dolphins and porpoises
  • Areki F, and A B Cunningham, ‘Fiji: Commerce, Carving and Customary Tenure’ in Laird et al (eds), Wild Product Governance: Finding Policies that Work for Non-Timber Forest Products (Earthscan, 2010)
  • Associated Press, ‘Man charged with smuggling iguanas in his leg’ (25 September 2007) NBC News
  • Boila, Sainiani, ‘Ministry confiscates 130 whale teeth’ (28 July 2022) FBC News
  • Burgess, E A and R Lilley, 2014, Assessing the Trade in Pig-Nosed Turtles Carettochelys insculpta in Papua
  • Carreon, Bernadette and Agence France Presse, ‘Tiny Pacific nation of Palau detains “illegal” Chinese fishing vessel’ (15 December 2020) The Guardian
  • Clarke Shelley, et al, ‘Social, economic and regulatory drivers of the shark fin trade’ (2007) 22(3) Marine Resource Economics 305
  • Clarke, Shelley, ‘Re-Examining the Shark Trade as a Tool for Conservation’ (2015) (145, September-December 2015) SPC Fisheries Newsletter 49
  • Collar, N.J., ‘Natural history and conservation biology of the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris): a review’ (2015) 21 Pacific Conservation Biology 186–
  • Collyns, A. 2022. Shark fin trade regulated at last in landmark decision. The Guardian.
  • Dell’Apa, Andrea et al, ‘The Influence of Culture on the International Management of Shark Finning’ (2014) 54(2) Environmental Management 151
  • Eisemberg, C et al, Carettochelys insculpta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.
  • Ewing, Isobel, ‘In Micronesia, illegal Vietnamese fishing has terrible impact’, Newshub (10 September 2016)
  • FATF, Money Laundering from Environmental Crime, July 2021
  • Fields, Andrew T. et al, ‘Species composition of the international shark fin trade assessed through a retail-Market survey in Hong Kong’ (2017) 32(2) Conservation Biology 376
  • Global Organized Crime Index, ‘Papua New Guinea’ (2021) Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime.
  • Harris, Hannah, ‘'Illegal Logging, Corruption and the Limitation of Destination Country Laws in the Pacific', (2018) 17 New Zealand Yearbook of International Law, 64-96
  • Huish, R D et al, ‘Distribution, population structure, and management of a rare sandalwood (Santalum yasi, Santalacea) in Fiji and Tonga’ (2015) 21 Pacific Conservation Biology 27–37
  • Kaltavara, Jeremy, ‘Illegal harvesting of green shell major problem’ (30 September 2015) Vanuatu Daily Post.
  • McBean, Graham, ‘Fishing for criminals’ (2017) Platypus Magazine, Australian Federal Police.
  • NEPCon, Timber Legality Risk Assessment Solomon Islands, July 2018
  • PNG National Fisheries Authority v Nguyen van Phuc (District Court of Justice NFA. 36/16, Kaumi PM)
  • PNG Post-Courier, ‘Vietnamese Fishermen Charged For Illegal Fishing’ (8 March 2017).
  • Regina v Do Van Va [2017] SBHC 118, UNODC SHERLOC.
  • Radio New Zealand, ‘Samoa businessman pays fine for harvesting sea cucumber for trade’ (9 July 2020), Radio New Zealand News.
  • Reece, Lena, ‘Ministry of Environment to find out number of confiscated tabua in Fiji, Australia and USA borders’ (30 April 2019) Fiji Village.
  • RNZ (Radio New Zealand), ‘Top Solomon Islands official guilty of corruption’ (18 April 2018), Radio New Zealand News.
  • Sadovy de Micheson, Yvonne et al, ‘Out of control means off the menu: The case for ceasing consumption of luxury products from highly vulnerable species when international trade cannot be adequately controlled; shark fin as a case study’ (2018) 98 (December 2018) Marine Policy 115.
  • Samoa Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, ‘Sea cucumber at illegal fish processing establishment seized’, press release (23 August 2021) Samoa Government website.
  • Sanerivi, Sialai Sarafina, ‘Sea cucumber investigation continues’ (25 August 2021) Samoa Observer.
  • Shah, Shipra et al, ‘Green Iguanas: A threat to man and wild in Fiji Islands?’ (2020) 11(3) International Journal of Conservation Science 765–782
  • Shepherd, Chris R, Lalita Gomez, and Vincent Nijman, 2020, ‘Illegal wildlife trade, seizure and prosecutions: A 7.5 year analysis of trade in pig-nosed turtles Carettochelys insculpta in and from Indonesia’ 24 Global Ecology and Conservation, e01249
  • Shiraishi, H et al, The Role of France in Wildlife Trade: An Analysis of CITES Trade and Seizure Data, WWF and TRAFFIC, 2021
  • Solomon, Serena, ‘How Fiji’s official iguana guardian protects 12,000 lizards’ (5 April 2017) Atlas Obscura.
  • SPREP, ‘Return of tabua to Fiji a momentous occasion’ (12 June 2017) SPREP News.
  • Stirnemann, R L et al, ‘Interactive impacts of by-catch take and elite consumption of illegal wildlife’ (2018) 27 Biodiversity Conservation 931–946
  • Thomson, L A J, D Bush, and M Lesubula, ‘Participatory value chain study for yasi sandalwood (Santalum yasi) in Fiji’ (2020) 83(4) Australian Forestry 227–237
  • Tlozek, E, ‘Battle to stop PNG’s unique and beautiful wildlife from being caught and sold off’, ABC News online (9 September 2017).
  • UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in the Pacific Islands: A Threat Assessment, 2016
  • Urbins, Ian, ‘Palau vs. the Poachers’ (17 February 2006) New York Times.
  • Vacala, Kelly, ‘30 tones of beche-de mer worth willions confiscated’ (10 June 2018) FBC News.
  • Vanuatu Environmental Science Society, Threatened Species Factsheets (c2017)
  • Vara-Orta, Francisco, ‘Man convicted of smuggling iguanas in his fake leg’ (11 April 2008) Los Angeles Times.
  • Williams, Atasa, ‘Fake tabua inquiry’ (29 January 2015) Fiji Times.
 
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