Case Law Database

Participation in an organized criminal group

Offences

• Participation in criminal activities of organized criminal group
• Participation in other activities of organized criminal group
• Organizing, directing, aiding, abetting, facilitating or counselling the commission of a crime involving an organized criminal group

Keywords

• criminal association
• organizing/directing commission of (serious) crime

Commissioner of Police v Bowtell

Fact Summary

Australian Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMCG) compete with each other which can result in violence. This case developed due to conflict between the Nomad and Fink gangs. Conflict between the gangs took place in New South Wales, Australia. Escalating violence between them had become an emergency for law enforcement due to concern that an innocent member of the public would be injured. This violence was being investigated by a specialist police unit of the New South Wales Police dedicated to combatting OMCG and organised crime. On the 5 April 2018, 31 search warrants were executed on Nomad and Fink properties. Material was located which suggested the possibility of an increased danger to the public in relation to particular explosives. Other located material included illegal firearms and drugs. Nine Finks members and four Nomads members were charged with offences and subsequently released on bail. Because of the risk of harm to the community police sought to impose serious crime prevention orders on a number of senior Nomad members in order to prevent escalating violence between the gangs. The NSW police arrested a number of men including the accused Bradley Bowtell, the President of the Newcastle City Chapter and four other senior members of the Nomad OMCG. Each man was arrested for various offences and released on bail. Consequently the police deemed it appropriate to instigate preventative order proceedings on the men to prevent further criminal activity.

Commentary and Significant Features

This case illustrates the importance of “Serious Crime Prevention Orders”,  a  tool of the NSW Police which allows restrictions to be imposed on individuals in order to prevent crime. The importance of this tool is associated with the minimisation of violence and harm in the community as a result of the order. The specifics of the restrictions are determined by the police and are made on a case by case basis. The use of a crime prevention order in this case was to prevent five men from associating with the outlaw motorcycle gang the Nomads. More specifically the prevention order was to prevent violence between their gang and the rival Finks due to threatened violence which had caused concern for the NSW police. The five men were subjected to restrictions on their movements and communications in order to impede their association with criminal activity.
Sentence Date:
2018-04-27
Author:
Ben Russell, Graduate Intern, Macquarie University and Australian Institute of Criminology

Cross-Cutting Issues

Liability

... for

• completed offence

... based on

• criminal intention

... as involves

• principal offender(s)

Offending

Details

• involved an organized criminal group (Article 2(a) CTOC)

Procedural Information

Legal System:
Common Law
Latest Court Ruling:
Court of 1st Instance
Type of Proceeding:
Criminal
Accused were tried:
together (single trial)
 
 
Proceeding #1:
  • Stage:
    Other
  • Details:
    Crime Prevention Order
  • Official Case Reference:
    Commissioner of Police v Bowtell (No. 2) [2018] NSWSC 520
  • Court

    Court Title

    New South Wales Supreme Court
     
    • Criminal

    Description

    In order to prevent further criminal activity, the NSW Commissioner of Police sought to enact a crime prevention order pursuant to s5(1) of the Crimes (Serious Crime Prevention Orders) Act 2016 (NSW) (the CSCPO Act). This would restrict their activity for 12 months with a number of conditions that the men had to comply with. In order for a serious crime prevention order to be imposed the court must be satisfied pursuant to s5(1)(b) of the Act that the person had been convicted of a serious criminal offence or involved with serious crime related activity. The use of such an order by law enforcement is in the interests of protecting the community from harm. The Commissioner relied on s93T(1) of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) to establish their involvement in serious crime related activity. activity. The section defines participation in a criminal group as an offence if the person knows or out to reasonably know that it is a criminal group and if they know or ought to reasonably know that their participation in the group contributes to the occurrence of criminal activity. Section 93 defines a criminal groups as a group with the objective to obtain material from conduct that constitutes a serious indictable offence or committing serious violence offences. The Commissioner submitted that apart from the first defendant the men had been convicted of offences where they had acted together to assault the public and that this demonstrated that their participation in the Nomads OMCG contributed to the occurrence of criminal activity. Furthermore the Commissioner submitted that the Nomads were a criminal group due to being a group three or more who have the objective of committing serious violence offences. It was submitted that each defendant had participated in the group and that each knew or ought to have known that they had contributed to the group’s criminal activities. Along with these submissions significant evidence was provided of the five defendant’s’ significant record of criminality.

    A number of submissions were made in defence of the five men. It was submitted that the serious crime prevention order legislation is focussed on individuals, and that individual offending by the defendants could not be taken to show that the Nomads had particular objectives as suggested by the Commissioner. It was also submitted that the presumption of innocence should be maintained in accordance with Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and that a prevention order would be contrary to this as their offences had not been proved in court.

    The court deemed it appropriate to impose Serious Crime Prevention Orders on the five men. These prevention orders included a number of conditions that the men had to comply with. These included restrictions including prevention from contacting or associating directly or indirectly with any member, nominee or associate of any Outlaw Motor Cycle Gang (OMCG). This included any form of contact such as oral, electronic communication or by telephone. The men were also prevented from night driving unless related to lawful employment. The men were also prohibited from a number of actions including possession of encrypted devices, more than one mobile phone and wearing Nomad insignia. The men were also subject to strict monitoring by the police, including of their communications and their possessions.

     

    Defendants / Respondents in the first instance

    Number of other accused:
    4
    Defendant:
    Bradley Bowtell
    Gender:
    Male
    Nationality:
    Australian

    The other four defendant were given the same order.

    Charges / Claims / Decisions

    Defendant:
    Bradley Bowtell
    Legislation / Statute / Code:

    S 5(1) of the Crimes (Serious Crime Prevention Orders) ACT 2016 (NSW)

    Charge details:
    Order to limit the freedom on an individual in order to prevent crime
    Verdict:
    Other

    Court

    New South Wales Supreme Court