Case Law Database

Drug offences

Offences

• Importation/ exportation

Keywords

• Illicit traffic(king)(-offence)
• Trade and Distribution Offences

R v Standen

Fact Summary

Mark William Standen was a New South Wales Crime Commission Assistant Director at the time of his arrest by the Australian Federal Police on the 2nd June 2008. Mr Standen had a long history of working for law enforcement and investigative bodies including the Australian Customs Service, the Australian Federal Police and the Australian Crime Commission which he joined in 1996. The NSW Crime Commission’s objectives included activities such as reducing illegal drug trafficking and organised crime. Mr Standen headed an investigation team focussing on drug  trafficking and money laundering. Through his position, Standen acquired an understanding of structures and methods of operation of criminal organisations, with much of this knowledge gained through interaction with informers.
Mr Standen was alleged to have conspired with two individuals to important substances for the use in the manufacture of controlled drugs. The main substance that was to be imported was pseudoephedrine which was imported in a commercial quantity. Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug and is a common ingredient in methamphetamine, although it can be found in prescription nasal decongestants. The amount to be imported was 300 Kilograms. Mr Standen knew one of the individuals through his wife who had previously been a colleague. The other individual was known to Mr Standen having previously been an informant. Both co-conspirators had a criminal past aiding in their development of the conspiracy. The conspiracy itself involved a wider network including a Dutch criminal syndicate. While taking part in the conspiracy to import and the supply of drugs, Mr Standen also conspired with his co-conspirators to pervert the course of justice in relation to the judicial power of the Commonwealth. Mr Standen agreed to use his position to obtain knowledge and information to prevent court proceedings being undertaken against himself and his co-conspirators.
A major element in the criminal activity was a loan of one million dollars from one of the co-offenders to the other in cash. This loan was known to Mr Standen. The first co-offender disguised the money through investments and using his legitimate business. Together the group conspired to import the pseudoephedrine from Pakistan. While Mr Standen was arrested in 2008, a criminal investigation involving Mr Standen had begun in July 2007 by the Australian Federal Police. The investigation had involved surveillance of Standen and his co-conspirators which led to his arrest. Importantly the arrest occurred before the drugs had been imported.

Commentary and Significant Features

The first charge alleged against Mr Standen was conspiracy to import which is an offence under s.307.11 and s.11.5 of the Commonwealth Criminal Code. The second charge was supply of a prohibited drug which is an offence under s.25(2) of the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act (NSW). This particular offence requires a commercial quantity of drugs as opposed to s.25 (1) which is relates to non-commercial supplies. The third offence was conspiracy to pervert the course of justice which is an offence under s.42 of the Commonwealth Crimes Act. Mr Standen’s trial lasted just under 5 months. He plead not guilty to all three changes.
The Crown’s case was largely built on evidence from communications between Mr Standen and his co-conspirators. This was obtained by covert surveillance over a period of many months. The surveillance led to the discovery of emails, messages, telephone conversations, SMS’s and recordings of face-to-face conversations between Mr Standen and one of the co-conspirators. There was also evidence of the connection between the three and a Dutch criminal syndicate.
The defence’s case rejected the allegation that Mr Standen had been party to any agreement to import pseudoephedrine or any illicit drug and that he had knowingly taken part in conduct to obtain controlled substances to be imported. Additionally, the defence refuted the allegation that Mr Standen had been a party to an agreement to pervert the course of justice. The defence argued that Mr Standen’s participation would not have been required to complete the alleged offences, and that there were logical explanations that suggested Mr Standen’s innocence contrary to the circumstantial evidence relied on by the Crown.
Some major facts discussed included the payment of AUD$47,192 from one c-offender to a bank account belonging to the other co-offender’s company. Payments totalling AUD$47,000 were then made to Standen between December 2005 and February 2006. During the trial, Standen’s defence counsel argued that that this was a Christmas present from one co-offender to  Standen, with the money provided for the purpose of an eye operation. However the cost of the operation would only have been between AUD$5,000 and AUD$10,000. Judge James suggested that the transfer of such a substantial amount of money suggested that Mr Standen was corruptly compromised.
Interestingly, one of Mr Standen’s co-conspirators, who came to Australia in 2003 was arrested and charged with offences of money laundering and supplying drugs. He provided information to the NSW Crime Commission about the activities of himself and others, including the fact that Mr Standen had become a handler of the informer. In the same year, the Director of Public Prosecutions withdrew the money laundering charge against the informer due to a letter written by Mr Standen favouring him. In 2004, the remaining charges were also withdrawn. During Mr Standen’s trial, the letter Mr Standen had sent on behalf of the informer was considered however it was not found to be improper. This situation is important to consider as it was considered during the trial that money laundering was present in the criminal activity involving the three offenders. However, Mr Standen was never found to have been connected with this activity.
A major disputed fact in the case was the date at which the offending actually began. The Crown submitted that an agreement had come into existence by the time of the payment of one million dollars between the two co-offenders in February 2006. To contest this, the defence submitted that it was reasonably possible that the payment was simply an innocent investment in one of the co-offender’s legitimate business activities. Therefore it was reasonably possible that no criminal agreement had come into existence until March 2007 when the two co-offenders met in Bangkok and that this meeting had not involved Mr Standen. Ultimately it was found that the payment of AUD$47,000 was relevant to the commencement of the offence in early 2006.
Another important disputed fact concerned Mr Standen’s role in the offences. The defence submitted that Mr Standen was not a principal conspirator and that the primary conspirators were the othetr two accused. It was also submitted that Mr Standen was a mere adviser in the scheme. The Judge found that Mr Standen was a principal of the group and on the same level as the first co-offender, and that he was in a superior position to the second co-offender.
At the end of the trial the jury found Mr Standen guilty of all three charges suggesting that they had not found Mr Standen’s defence believable or even reasonable. Consequently, the Judge sentenced Mr Standen to 18 years’ imprisonment for the offence of conspiring to import, with a non-parole period of 12 years, and for the offence of supply of a large commercial quantity of a prohibited drug Mr Standen was sentenced to a non-parole period of 6 years. Finally, for offence of conspiring to pervert the course of justice Mr Standen was sentenced to 3.5 years. While this would expire before the date of his previous sentences, Judge James declined to fix a non-parole period. Therefore, overall Mr Standen would be eligible for release in 2024 with the commencement of his sentence set at 2 June 2008 when he was imprisoned following his arrest.
Sentence Date:
2015-08-13
Author:
Ben Russell, Graduate Intern, Macquarie University and Australian Institute of Criminology

Cross-Cutting Issues

Liability

... for

• completed offence

... based on

• criminal intention

... as involves

• principal offender(s)

Procedural Information

Legal System:
Common Law
Latest Court Ruling:
Court of 1st Instance
Type of Proceeding:
Criminal
 
Proceeding #1:
  • Stage:
    Other
  • Details:
    Bail hearing
  • Official Case Reference:
    R v Mark William Standen [2009] NSWSC 1499
  • Court

    Court Title

    New South Wales Supreme Court 

     
    • Criminal

    Description

    Mr Standen attempted to apply for bail but this was opposed by the Crown citing evidence from the Australian Federal Police. Counsel submitted that the poor conditions Mr Standen was experiencing in prison which involved solitary confinement for his own protection was impacting his mental health. Counsel attempted to apply for bail by suggesting Mr Standen was willing to accept highly restrictive bail conditions in order to prevent him from absconding. The Crown countered the mental instability suggestion by submitting that the seriousness of Mr Standen’s mental condition had been overstated. Furthermore, the Crown submitted that Mr Standen was a flight risk and that if he was convicted then he would likely serve a long sentence. Considering these circumstances, the Crown submitted that the Mr Standen would likely abscond. The Judge deferred to the Crown’s argument and agreed to refuse bail.

     
    Proceeding #2:
  • Stage:
    first trial
  • Official Case Reference:
    R v Standen [2011] NSWSC 1422
  • Court

    Court Title

    New South Wales Supreme Court 

     
    • Criminal

    Description

    Mr Standen’s defence counsel applied to have the second charge (taking part in supply of prohibited drug) dismissed as an abuse of process. It was argued that there was no separate criminality between the first and second charge and that the first count alone would be capable of reflecting all of the accused’s criminality. The Crown, however, argued that there was evidence of separate criminality to distinguish the conspiracy to supply and the taking part in supply. For counsel to have been successful,  it had to be proved that the prosecution of both the first and the second charges was oppressive. However the Judge agreed with the Crown stating he did not consider the prosecution of the second charge to be oppressive or constitute an error by the Crown.

     
    Proceeding #3:
  • Stage:
    first trial
  • Official Case Reference:
    R v Standen [2011] NSWSC 1422
  • Court

    Court Title

    New South Wales Supreme Court 

     
    • Criminal
    Proceeding #4:
  • Stage:
    appeal
  • Official Case Reference:
    Standen v Regina [2015] NSWCCA 211
  • Court

    Court Title

    New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal

     
    • Criminal

    Description

    Mr Standen’s counsel attempted to lodge an appeal on the grounds that the trial judge had erred in admitting a number of documents and that there was a miscarriage of justice arising from the failure of the jury to be directed that a finding of guilt on count 1 could only be made if they were satisfied that Mr Standen actually intended to use the imported substance to manufacture a controlled drug. Furthermore it was submitted that the trial judge erred in failing to dismiss the jury on the 68th day of the trial following a note setting out their concerns as to the length of the trial. Additionally it was submitted that the trial judges summing up of the facts were unbalanced and led to a miscarriage of justice. Finally they noted that the sentence imposed for the second offence was manifestly excessive. Mr Standen’s counsel was ultimately unsuccessful and his appeal was dismissed. 

     
    Proceeding #5:
  • Stage:
    appeal
  • Official Case Reference:
    Standen v Regina [2015] NSWCCA 211
  • Court

    • Criminal

    Description

    Mr Standen’s counsel raised five grounds for the appeal against conviction, all of which were dismissed. The appeal court found no errors in the admission of evidence which it found to be highly probative, relevant and not unfairly prejudicial. The court also rejected the submissions relating to the alleged failure of the trial judge to direct the jury as to the elements of a conspiracy.  Furthermore, the appeal court found that the trial judge had not erred in failing to dismiss the jury on the 68th day of the trial following a note setting out their concerns as to the length of the trial. Additionally, the argument that the trial judge’s summing up of the facts was unbalanced or unfair and led to a miscarriage of justice, was rejected. Finally, the appeal court noted that the sentence imposed for the second offence was not manifestly excessive, unreasonable or plainly unjust. Mr Standen’s counsel was ultimately unsuccessful and the appeal was dismissed.

     

    Defendants / Respondents in the first instance

    Defendant:
    Mark William Standen
    Gender:
    Male
    Nationality:
    Australian

    Charges / Claims / Decisions

    Defendant:
    Mark William Standen
    Legislation / Statute / Code:

    Commonwealth Criminal Code 

    Charge details:

    Conspiracy to import prohibited drugs

    Legislation / Statute / Code:

    Drug Misuse and Trafficking act (NSW) 

    Charge details:

    Supply of a prohibited drug (large commercial quantity)

    Legislation / Statute / Code:

    Commonwealth Crimes Act 

    Charge details:

    Conspiracy to pervert the course of justice 

    Court

    Supreme Court of New South Wales