Case Law Database

Drug offences

Offences

• Distribution/ delivery/ dispatch/ transport
• Cultivation/ production/ manufacture

Substances Involved

• cocaine; crack cocaine

Keywords

• Trade and Distribution Offences
• Cultivation, Production and Manufacture Offences

Participation in an organized criminal group

Offences

• Organizing, directing, aiding, abetting, facilitating or counselling the commission of a crime involving an organized criminal group
• Participation in criminal activities of organized criminal group

Degree of Involvement

• Overt act in furtherance of agreement

Keywords

• criminal association
• Overt act in furtherance of agreement
• organizing/directing commission of (serious) crime

R v Sweeney

Fact Summary

Project Flatlined involved a 10 month investigation beginning in May 2011 into the criminal activities of members of the Manitoba chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club and the Redlined Support Crew. The Redlined Support Crew was a subsidiary group of the Hells Angels in Manitoba formed to provide ‘street-level enforcement’ for the Hells Angels in a dispute with another motorcycle gang, Rock Machine, over territory for drug trafficking in Manitoba. The dispute had been ongoing since early 2010. The two warring gangs had been involved in a number of violent conflicts, including drive-by shootings, firebombings and physical assaults. Project Flatlined ultimately led to the arrest of 25 members of the Hells Angels and Redlined and associates of these clubs in relation to the criminal operation involved in this case, with charges being laid against 16 of those people. At least 9 of these 16 people were successfully convicted. Information about the criminal proceedings against the other 7 people was not available at the time of writing. In relation to the 9 people not charged with criminal offences, sureties to keep the peace were successfully obtained in relation to at least 6 of these people. Information about whether sureties were successfully obtained against the other 3 was not available at the time of writing.

The organized criminal group in this case was involved in trafficking between one and two kilograms of cocaine every month between May 2011 and February 2012 in Winnipeg, primarily in Elmwood. A court heard that the operation generated more than CAD 100,000 every month. During the period of the group’s operation, dealers for the group were receiving more than 500 phone calls per day on dedicated cellphones used for their illegal activities. A judge later described the organization as ‘well organized, well equipped, well financed and highly profitable’.

The criminal group was led by Mr Dale Jason Sweeney, who bought the cocaine from suppliers in British Columbia. He then gave the cocaine to members of the Redlined Support Crew, a subsidiary gang of the Hells Angels, who turned the cocaine into crack cocaine and sold it in small quantities to users on the street. This was performed at two properties in Winnipeg. The Hells Angels and the Redlined Support Crew met weekly to exchange profits from their operations. In January 2012, police arrested one of the accused as he was leaving one of these weekly meetings and seized nearly CAD 20,000 in cash. In a later operation in February 2012, police seized one kilogram of cocaine.

At 7AM on 16 March 2012, more than 150 Winnipeg officers raided the properties of a number of Hells Angels’ members and associates. Search warrants were executed at six addresses. Nine people were arrested, including the chapter president, Mr Dale Jason Sweeney, as well as Messrs Roderick (Rod) Patrick Sweeney, Carmine Puteri, Kurtis Donald Scott, Christopher Allan Gerula, Brendin Kyle Wall, Thomas Clinton Barnecki, Jonathon Stewart and Donovan Michael Lafrance. Only four members of the Hells Angels’ Manitoba chapter at the time were not arrested in the raids.

Police seized approximately two kilograms of cocaine and an undisclosed amount of cash in the raids. Police also seized a motorcycle owned by Mr Dale Sweeney which was on show at the Winnipeg Convention Centre. A number of items were also seized from Mr Scott’s property during the execution of the search warrant. These included a 2005 Buick Rendezvous sport utility vehicle.

On 21 April 2016, Winnipeg police reported that they had arrested a total of 23 men through Project Flatlined, and that four further men were wanted on arrest warrants in relation to the operation: Messrs Shawn Justin Colbert, Adam Matthew Wood, Jared James Irving and Jesse Richard Thomas. Mr Colbert turned himself in at police headquarters the following day. Mr Wood was arrested in Crestview, Winnipeg on 23 April 2016.

Mr Irving was arrested by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on 1 June 2012 after being pulled over by police at a traffic stop in Headingley, Manitoba, bringing the total number of arrested persons to 25.

Mr Thomas was the last remaining person wanted in connection to Project Redlined. Further information about whether he was apprehended by Canadian authorities was not available at the time of writing.

Commentary and Significant Features

In the related case of R v MacLeod, 2013 MBQB 242, which also arose out of Project Flatlined, Justice Martin a number of comments in obiter about the nature of drug trafficking by organized criminal groups within Manitoba:

‘The ugly fact of the matter is that cocaine and crack trafficking is a disease on our community and there is nothing noble or romantic about the gangs behind it. No matter what the outward show or the claims of being mere social clubs, at the core, gangs like the Hells Angels or Redlined or Rock Machine are a bunch of violent, selfish criminals who prey on, and use, others in all social and economic levels of society. They harm to any community from Winnipeg to isolated northern aboriginal reserves is seen daily by the consequences of cocaine trafficking, from users who steal and rob to support their habit, to shootings over turf, to violent beatings over debts, to extortion, and to other violent assault [sic], rapes and killings while under the influence of these drugs. Trafficking in serious drugs like cocaine and crack destroys people, it destroys families. All this should never be forgotten […]’

Sentence Date:
YYYY-MM-DD

Cross-Cutting Issues

Liability

... for

• completed offence

... based on

• criminal intention

... as involves

• principal offender(s)
• organiser/director

Offending

Details

• involved an organized criminal group (Article 2(a) CTOC)

Investigation Procedure

Involved Agencies

• Winnipeg Police Service

Confiscation and Seizure

Comments

Manitoba authorities made several seizures in Project Flatlined and successfully obtained forfeiture orders in the criminal proceedings that followed. In January 2012, police arrested one of the accused as he was leaving one of these weekly meetings and seized nearly CAD 20,000 in cash. In a later operation in February 2012, police seized one kilogram of cocaine. In the raids of 16 March 2012, police seized approximately two kilograms of cocaine and an undisclosed amount of cash. A number of items were also seized from Mr Scott’s property. These included a 2005 Buick Rendezvous sport utility vehicle.

Against Mr Dale Sweeney, prosecutors successfully obtained orders for the forfeiture of his family home, several bank accounts containing more than CAD 500,000, at least two Harley Davidson motorcycles, a Bayliner boat and trailer, a Chevrolet Corvette car and a Chevrolet Silverado pick-up truck.

 

Computer specific investigative measures

• Collection of data through computer-specific investigation

Special investigative techniques

• Electronic or other forms of surveillance
• Undercover operation(s)/ Assumed identities/ Infiltration
• Special investigative techniques

Comments

Project Flatlined was the fourth major police bust of the Manitoba chapter of the Hells Angels since 2006. The operation was notable in that unlike previous operations, police did not use a paid informant. Rather, the police relied on court-ordered wiretaps and hidden surveillance devices. The Winnipeg Police Service obtained two authorizations from Manitoba courts, the first on 3 September 2011 and the second on 1 December 2011. These authorizations included:
(a) the interception of communications pursuant to the wiretap provisions in ss 185 and 186 of the Criminal Code;
(b) a general video warrant to make observations by video camera in named places where persons have an expectation of privacy pursuant to s 487.01(4) of the Criminal Code;
(c) a general warrant for display and recording of digits dialed pursuant to s 487.01 of the Criminal Code;
(d) assistance orders necessary for the implementation of the authorization to intercept private communications and the general warrants, pursuant to s 487.02;
(e) a sealing order, denying access to information relating to the warrants, orders or authorizations, pursuant to s 487.3; and
(f) orders allowing the material collected to be opened and considered, pursuant to s 187(1.2).

Under these authorizations, Winnipeg Police covertly entered one property used by the group, the Moncton Avenue premises, on 12 occasions, taking photos and videos of cocaine inside the property, installing a hidden camera, and taking samples of the cocaine. The hidden camera took photographs of members of the group cooking the cocaine. Mr Wall actually discovered the hidden camera, but instead of ceasing their criminal activities completely, the members of the group only temporarily discontinued their operations before shifting them to a residence on St Anne’s Road. This property was later raided in February 2012.

The group communicated using software that encrypted text messages sent from their cellphones. Winnipeg police cracked the encryption in their investigation of the group’s activities. More than 155,000 text messages were sent by three mobile phone numbers used to arrange drug deals between during the period of May 2011 to February 2012.

Winnipeg police officers also posed as prospective purchasers on 37 different occasions between September 2011 and January 2012. During this period, they purchased 262 pieces of crack cocaine for CAD 5,140 in marked bills. A later news article put the number of undercover purchases at 41.

 

Procedural Information

Legal System:
Common Law
Latest Court Ruling:
Appellate Court
Type of Proceeding:
Criminal
Accused were tried:
separately (parallel trials)
 

Twenty-five people, members of the Hells Angels in Manitoba and the Redlined Support Crew and their associates, were arrested in relation to the criminal operation uncovered by Project Redlined. Against 9 of these 25 people, police did not lay any charges but instead sought orders forcing the men to enter into sureties to keep the peace. Details of these peace bond proceedings are outlined in a separate case note on SHERLOC (CANx061).

Charges were laid against 16 of the 25 people arrested in Project Flatlined. Information about the criminal proceedings of 9 of these 16 people was available at the time of writing. All 9 of these people were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment.

This case note relates to the prosecution of Mr Dale Sweeney. Detailed case notes on SHERLOC are also available regarding the criminal proceedings against Mr Kurtis Donald Scott (CANx058) and Mr Justin MacLeod (CANx059).

Less information is publicly available regarding the prosecutions of Messrs Brendin Kyle Wall, Jonathon Stewart, Brian Chesney, Christopher Gerula, Shawn Manzuik and Thomas Barnecki. As such, these cases will be summarized below instead of in their own case notes.

Mr Brendin Kyle Wall did not apply for bail. On 22 January 2013, he pled guilty to several charges, including trafficking cocaine and trafficking for the benefit of a criminal organization. He was sentenced to 8 years’ imprisonment, with six months of the sentence credited for pre-sentence custody. Further ancillary orders were also made.

On 10 June 2013 Mr Jonathon Stewart was sentenced to 4 years and 9 months’ imprisonment for charges relating to participation in a criminal organization and conspiracy. On the same day, Mr Brian Chesney was sentenced to 3 years and 9 months’ imprisonment for trafficking cocaine and committing acts for the benefit of a criminal organization.

In August 2013 Mr Christopher Gerula pleaded guilty to drug trafficking, but claimed that he did not know anything about Mr Dale Sweeney’s criminal organization or its activities. Judge Wyant rejected this claim and sentenced Mr Gerula to 3 years and 6 months’ imprisonment. In the same month Mr Shawn Manzuik pleaded guilty to trafficking cocaine and trafficking for the furtherance of a criminal organization. He was due to be sentenced later that year.

Mr Thomas Barnecki entered into a plea bargain with prosecutors. Further information about the criminal proceedings against Mr Barnecki and the sentence he received was not available at the time of writing.about the criminal proceedings against Mr Barnecki and the sentence he received was not available at the time of writing.

 
 
Proceeding #1:
  • Stage:
    first trial
  • Court

    • Criminal

    Description

    Mr Dale Sweeney was denied bail on 21 December 2012. As part of a plea bargain with prosecutors, on 29 April 2013 Mr Sweeney pleaded guilty to instructing a criminal organization engaged in cocaine trafficking between 1 May 2011 and 29 February 2012 and possession of proceeds of crime from trafficking controlled substances between 2 March 2004 and 29 February 2012. On 29 April 2013, Mr Sweeney was sentenced to 8 years’ imprisonment for the charge of trafficking in aid of a criminal organization, and 3 years’ imprisonment for the charge of possession of proceeds of crime, to be served consecutively – a total of 11 years’ imprisonment. Justice Saull gave Mr Sweeney credit for 1 year of pre-sentence custody, and order him to serve a further 4 years before being eligible for parole.

    Orders were also made for the forfeiture of Mr Sweeney’s family home, several bank accounts containing more than CAD 500,000, at least two Harley Davidson motorcycles, a Bayliner boat and trailer, a Chevrolet Corvette car and a Chevrolet Silverado pick-up truck.

     

    Sentences

    Sentence

    Term of Imprisonment:
    11 years
     
    Proceeding #2:
  • Stage:
    Other
  • Details:
    Application for relief from forfeiture
  • Official Case Reference:
    R v Sweeney, 2016 MBCA 6
  • Decision Date:
    Wed Jan 13 00:00:00 CET 2016

    Court

    Court Title

    Court of Appeal of Manitoba

     

    Location

  • Province:
    Manitoba
  • • Criminal

    Description

    An associate of Mr Dale Sweeney, Mr Hugo Heidinger, applied for relief from forfeiture in the Manitoba Court of Queen’s Bench, claiming that five items seized from Mr Sweeney actually belonged to him and should therefore be returned. Mr Heidinger’s application was made pursuant to s 462.41(3) of the Canadian Criminal Code. The items that the application was concerned with included a Harley Davidson motorcycle, the Chevrolet Corvette, the Chevrolet Silverado and the Bayliner boat and trailer (‘the disputed property’). At sentencing, Mr Sweeney had acceded to the forfeiture of the disputed property as part of his plea bargain. He had claimed that he was not the owner of the disputed property, but he had not named the person he claimed to be true owner of the property.

    On 9 March 2015, Justice Saull rejected this claim, finding that Mr Sweeney was the beneficial owner of the disputed property and that Mr Heidinger was merely a ‘nominee’ of Mr Sweeney, attempting to assist Mr Sweeney in protecting his assets from seizure by the police. He rejected the evidence of both Messrs Heidinger and Sweeney and accepted the evidence of a detective called by the crown. The detective gave evidence which showed that, apart from the motorcycle, (a) the disputed property had been seized from Mr Sweeney’s home or business; (b) he had used the property prior to his arrest on an ongoing basis; and (c) he had had conversations about, and dealings with, the property that were consistent with him being the owner of the property. In relation to the motorcycle, the detective gave evidence that the motorcycle had Hells Angels stickers on it and that Mr Sweeney raced on it. On the other hand, Justice Saull found Mr Sweeney’s evidence to be ‘late-coming, self-serving and tailored to the Crown’s evidence’.

    Mr Heidinger appealed this decision to the Manitoba Court of Appeal. He argued that Justice Saull’s finding that he was merely a nominee of Mr Sweeney was ‘nothing more than speculation’. He also appealed the finding that the disputed property was proceeds of crime. On 13 January 2016 this appeal was rejected. The Court of Appeal held that Mr Heidinger had not demonstrated that the sentencing judge had made a palpable and overriding error. The Court found that Justice Saull had been entitled to make the findings of credibility that he did, and that these findings were entitled to deference from the appellate court. As such there was no basis for appellate intervention.

     

    Defendants / Respondents in the first instance

    Number of other accused:
    15
    Defendant:
    Dale Sweeney
    Gender:
    Male
    Age:
    41

    Mr Dale Sweeney was the president of the Manitoba Chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club and the head of the operation involved in this case. He bought the cocaine to be sold by the group from suppliers in British Columbia and gave it to underlings, instructing them to transform the cocaine into crack cocaine for sale. He berated the other gang members to deal drugs and improve the amount of revenue they were generating. During a four month period in Project Flatlined, he received at least CAD 338,155 from trafficking cocaine. Between 2007 and 2011, he had over CAD 500,000 in unsourced income, despite his tax records showing that since 2004 his annual declared family income was only approximately CAD 40,000.

    Mr Sweeney was arrested at the airport as he was about to board a flight to Jamaica to go on vacation with his wife. He was charged with a number of offences, including allegedly instructing a criminal organization engaged in cocaine trafficking, laundering money for the benefit of a criminal organization and possession of proceeds of crime from trafficking controlled substances. Mr Sweeney was 41 at the time of his arrest.

    Mr Sweeney had earlier been sentenced to six years’ imprisonment in 2002 for his role in the drive-by shooting of a rival gang member Mr Kevin Sylvester, retaliation against Mr Sylvester for the 2001 shooting of his brother Mr Rod Sweeney.

    Respondent:
    Hugo Heidinger
    Gender:
    Male

    Mr Heidinger was an associate of Mr Dale Sweeney.

    Defendant:
    [Other defendants]
    Gender:
    Male

    Twenty-five people, members of the Hells Angels in Manitoba and the Redlined Support Crew and their associates, were arrested in relation to the criminal operation uncovered by Project Redlined. Against 9 of these 25 people, police did not lay any charges but instead sought orders forcing the men to enter into sureties to keep the peace. Details about the persons to whom these peace bonds were sought are outlined in a separate case note on SHERLOC (CANx061). Separate case notes detailing the criminal proceedings and the background of Messrs Kurtis Scott Donald (CANx58) and Justin MacLeod (CANx059) are also available on SHERLOC.

    The background of the remaining defendants, in relation to whom insufficient information was available for individual case notes, will be outlined below.

    Mr Brendin Kyle Wall was a member of the Redlined support crew and was 24 at the time of his arrest. Mr Wall was a high-ranking member of the criminal enterprise, allegedly third in charge below Messrs Dale Sweeney and MacLeod. He handled the production of crack cocaine and the day-to-day management of the organization. He gave instructions to Mr Barnecki as to how the rocks of crack cocaine should be apportioned for sale.

    Mr Thomas Clinton Barnecki was a Redlined associate and was 31 at the time of his arrest. Prosecutors alleged that Mr Barnecki was the ‘street boss’ of the operation.

    Mr Christopher Allan Gerula acted as a cocaine courier for Mr Dale Sweeney. He was not a member of the Hells Angels or the drug ring, but was a friend of Mr Dale Sweeney and, on one occasion in February 2012, agreed to deliver a kilogram of cocaine for him. Prior to this case he had no criminal history and he was described as a ‘hard-working and skilled’ carpenter.

    Mr Shawn Justin Colbert was charged with possession of proceeds of crime, conspiracy to commit an indictable offence, participating in a criminal organization, commission of an offence for a criminal organization, and eight counts of trafficking in cocaine. He was 30 years of age as at 22 April 2012. Mr Colbert turned himself in at police headquarters the day after police publicly announced that he was wanted.

    Mr Adam Matthew Wood was charged with possession of proceeds of crime, participating in a criminal organization, commission of an offence for a criminal organization, failing to comply with the conditions of a recognizance, and five counts of trafficking in cocaine. He was 34 years of age as at 22 April 2012.

    Mr Brian Chesney was the roommate of Mr Thomas Barnecki. He was caught making deliveries of crack cocaine to undercover police officers. He also rented the St Anne’s Road residence which was used for the purposes of producing crack cocaine following the discovery of the hidden camera at the Moncton Avenue residence. At the time of his arrest, he was a recently married and had four children.

    Mr Donovan Michael Lafrance was a Redlined prospect and was 27 at the time of his arrest. It was not known whether he was one of the defendants against whom criminal charges were brought or whether he was instead subject to proceedings for a surety to keep the peace.

    Mr Shawn Manzuik allegedly trafficked cocaine for the criminal enterprise in this case. It was not known whether criminal charges were brought against him.

    Mr Jesse Richard Thomas was 27 as at 22 April 2012 and was wanted for participating in or contributing to the activities of a criminal organization. At the time of writing it was not known whether he had been apprehended by Canadian authorities.

    Charges / Claims / Decisions

    Defendant:
    Dale Sweeney
    Charge:

    Instructing commission of offence for criminal organization

    Statute:
    Criminal Code (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46)Section 467.13
    Charge details:

    The offence to which this charge related was the trafficking of a substance, namely cocaine, contrary to s 5(1) of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

    Verdict:
    Guilty
    Charge:

    Commission of offence for criminal organization

    Statute:
    Criminal Code (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46)Section 467.12
    Charge details:

    The offence to which this charge related was trafficking of a substance, namely cocaine, contrary to s 5(1) of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

    Verdict:
    Guilty
    Charge:

    Possession of property obtained by crime

    Statute:
    Criminal Code (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46)Section 345(1)
    Verdict:
    Guilty
    Charge:

    Laundering money for the benefit of a criminal organization

    Charge details:

    While it was initially reported that Mr Sweeney had been charged with this offence, a later news article made no mention of it in reporting on his plea bargain with prosecutors. The charge may ahve been withdrawn.

    Respondent:
    Hugo Heidinger
    Defendant:
    [Other defendants]

    Court

    Court of Appeal of Manitoba

    Sources / Citations

    R v Sweeney, 2016 MBCA 6

    Related cases:

    R v MacLeod, 2013 MBQB 242

    R v Scott, 2015 MBCA 43

    R v Scott, 2015 MBCA 80

    R v Scott, 2015 MBQB 87

    News sources:

    King, Tamara, ‘Cops corral Hells Angel: Gangster hit with a slew of court restrictions’, The Winnipeg Sun, 9 June 2012, 5

    King, Tamara, ‘Cops, Crown win peace-bond fight’, The Winnipeg Sun, 9 May 2012, 13

    King, Tamara, ‘Flatlined gets another: 25th arrest in massive police sweep’, Toronto Sun, 25 April 2012, 18 <http://www.torontosun.com/2012/04/19/reputed-biker>

    King, Tamara, ‘Hells associate in jail after breaching bond’, The Winnipeg Sun, 5 May 2012, 6

    King, Tamara, ‘Jailed gang leader facing long list of additional charges’, The Winnipeg Sun, 28 July 2012

    King, Tamara, ‘Laying down the law: Court documents reveal cops’ gang-fighting tactics’, The Winnipeg Sun, 28 April 2012, 2

    King, Tamara, ‘Redlined fugitive busted at Headingley weigh scale’, The Winnipeg Sun, 3 June 2012, 3

    King, Tamara, ‘Redlined president arrested in Stony’, The Winnipeg Sun, 22 May 2012, 3

    King, Tamara, ‘Reputed biker fights court conditions’, Toronto Sun (online), 19 April 2012 <http://www.torontosun.com/2012/04/19/reputed-biker>

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Bikers dealt body blow – Raids, arrests of top figures seriously weaken local Hells Angels’, Winnipeg Free Press, 17 March 2012, B1

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Cops make life hell for Angels – Arrested even if they haven’t done a crime’, Winnipeg Free Press, 10 April 2012, A6

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Judge doesn’t buy tale of biker’s bounty’, Winnipeg Free Press, 10 March 2015

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Jurors on drug case in for the long haul’, Winnipeg Free Press, 11 September 2015, B6

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Old-fashioned police work – Crackdown on Hells Angels first without informants’, Winnipeg Free Press, 24 March 2012, A8

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Police seize Hells bike at show – Harley taken from World of Wheels – Gang member agrees to leave Angels’ Winnipeg Free Press, 20 March 2012, B1

    McIntyre, Mike, ‘Seized property will stay that way: court’, Winnipeg Free Press, 21 January 2016, B3

    Owen, Bruce, ‘Hells Angels, vengeance dominate’, Winnipeg Free Press, 15 July 2011, A11

    Pritchard, Dean, ‘Drug courier pleads guilty’, The Winnipeg Sun, 20 October 2015, 18

    Pritchard, Dean, ‘Former Hells chief gets 11 years in jail’, The Winnipeg Sun, 30 April 2013, 10

    Santin, Aldo, ‘Former Hells Angel leader gets 11 years – Sweeney accepts plea, admits running drug operation’, Winnipeg Free Press, 30 April 2013, 0

    Turenne, Paul and Tamara King, ‘Police hobble Hells Angels: 9 arrested, cops now eye Rock Machine’, The Winnipeg Sun, 17 March 2012, 3

    Turner, James, ‘Legal challenge launched: Gangster facing sentencing seeks time-served credit’, Winnipeg Free Press, 27 August 2013, B3

    Turner, James, ‘Not large, but in charge: Red rules’, The Winnipeg Sun, 22 March 2012, 2

    Turner, James, ‘Reputed biker prospect fights peace bond’, The Winnipeg Sun, 19 April 2012, 3

    Turner, James, ‘Ringing up sales: Cops allege Hells Angels netted over $1.5M in dial-a-dealer scheme’, The Winnipeg Sun, 26 July 2012, 3

    Turner, James, ‘Two more bikers sentenced to jail in Project Flatlined bust’, The Winnipeg Sun, 11 June 2013, 5

    Turner, James, ‘Unclear if biker gangs will be Flatlined’, The Winnipeg Sun, 22 March 2012, 3

    Treusch, Adam, ‘Cops still searching for four wanted in Project Flatlined’, The Winnipeg Sun, 22 April 2012, 4

    ‘Biker suspect turns self in’, The Winnipeg Sun, 24 April 2012, 13

    ‘Courts roundup’, Winnipeg Free Press, 20 August 2013, B2

    ‘Hells Angels president’s bail request rejected’, The Winnipeg Sun, 20 December 2012, 12

    ‘Police detail ‘Project Flatlined’’, Winnipeg Free Press (online), 16 March 2012 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvvDblPnbsM>

    ‘Wanted man arrested, warrants in effect for 2 other in project aimed at Hells Angels’, CTV News Winnipeg (online), 24 April 2012 <http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/wanted-man-arrested-warrants-in-effect-for-2-others-in-project-aimed-at-hells-angels-1.799442>

    ‘Winnipeg police nab man wanted in connection with Hells Angels activity’, CTV News Winnipeg (online), 2 June 2012 <http://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/winnipeg-police-nab-man-wanted-in-connection-with-hells-angels-activity-1.834634>