This module is a resource for lecturers

 

References

 
  • ADMCF, Trading in Extinction: The Dark Side of Hong Kong's Wildlife Trade (ADM Capital Fund, December 2018)
  • Alacs, Erika & Arthur Georges, 'Wildlife across our borders: a review of the illegal trade in Australia' (2008) 40 Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 147
  • Amirante, Domenico, 'Environmental Courts in Comparative Perspective: Preliminary Reflections on the National Green Tribunal of India' (2012) 29 Pace Environmental Law Review 441
  • Anderson, Robert S., 'The Lacey Act: America's Premier Weapon in the Fight Against Unlawful Wildlife Trafficking' (1995) Public and Land Law Review 27
  • Bennett, Elizabeth L., 'Another inconvenient truth: the failure of enforcement systems to save charismatic species' (2011) 45(4) Fauna & Flora International 476
  • Biegus, Olga & Christian Bueger, 'Poachers and pirates. Improving coordination of the global response to wildlife crime' (2017) 60 South Africa Crime Quarterly 29
  • Bukhi Mabele, Mathew, 'Beyond forceful measures: Tanzania's "war on poaching" needs diversified strategies more than militarised tactics' (2017) 44(153) Review of African Political Economy 487
  • Byrd, Jason H. & Lerah K. Sutton, 'Defining a Crime Scene and Physical Evidence Collection', in Jane E. Huffman & John R. Wallace (eds), Wildlife Forensics: Methods and Applications (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) 51
  • Child, Brian & Grenville Barnes, 'The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future' (2010) 37(3) Environmental Conservation 283
  • CITES Secretariat, Wildlife Crime (undated)
  • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973)
  • CNN, Chinese 'Queen of Ivory' jailed for 15 years in Tanzania, CNN Online (19 February 2019)
  • Cooper, John E et al, 'Wildlife crime scene investigation: techniques, tools and technology' (2009) 9 Endangered Species Research 229
  • Corn, M. Lynne & Alexandra M. Wyatt, The Endangered Species Act: A Primer, CRS Report (Congressional Research Service, 2016)
  • Cressa, Douglas & Zinta Zommers, 'Emerging technologies: Smarter ways to fight wildlife crime' (2014) 12 Environmental Development 62
  • Dalebout, M. L. et al, 'DNA identification and the impact of illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing on rare whales in Micronesian waters' (2008) 40(1/2) Micronesica 39
  • de Klemm, Cyrille, Guidelines for Legislation to Implement CITES, IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 26 (1993)
  • DLA Piper, Empty Threat 2015: Does the Law Combat Illegal Wildlife Trade? A review of legislative and judicial approaches in fifteen jurisdictions (DLA Piper, 2014)
  • EIA, Time for Action: End the criminality and corruption fuelling wildlife crime (EIA, 2016)
  • European Parliament, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy, Wildlife Crime (European Union, 2016)
  • Ferreguetti, Átilla Colombo et al., 'One step ahead to predict potential poaching hotspots: Modeling occupancy and detectability of poachers in a neotropical rainforest' (2018) 227 Biological Conservation 133
  • FWG (Forensic Working Group, Wildlife Crime: A guide to the use of forensic and specialist techniques in the investigation of wildlife crime (Forensic Working Group, 2014)
  • Ghobrial, L. et al, 'Tracing the origins of rescued chimpanzees reveals widespread chimpanzee hunting in Cameroon' (2010) 10 BMC Ecology 2
  • Gupta, Sandeep Kumar et al, 'Establishing the identity of the massacred tigress in a case of wildlife crime' (2011) 5 Forensic Science International: Genetics 74
  • Haas, Timothy C. & Sam M. Ferreira, 'Optimal patrol routes: interdicting and pursuing rhino poachers' (2018) 19(1) Police Practice and Research 61
  • Harrison, Joseph R. et al, 'Assessing the extent and nature of wildlife trade on the dark web' (2016) 30(4) Conservation Biology 900
  • Hogg, Carolyn J et al, 'Stopping the spin cycle: genetics and bio-banking as a tool for addressing the laundering of illegally caught wildlife as "captive-bred"' (2018) 10(2) Conservation Genetics Resources 237
  • Hübschle, Annette & Andrew Faull, 'Editorial' (2017) 60 South Africa Crime Quarterly 3
  • Hübschle, Annette & Clifford Shearing, Ending Global Wildlife Trafficking, Local Communities as Change Agents (Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2018)
  • ICCWC, Second global meeting of the wildlife enforcement networks, Meeting Report (CITES, 2016)
  • IFAW, Caught in the web: Wildlife trade on the Internet (IFAW, 2005)
  • IFAW, Criminal Nature: The global security implications of the illegal wildlife trade (IFAW, 2013)
  • INTERPOL, Wildlife crime: global seizures and arrests in transcontinental operation (20 June 2018)
  • INTERPOL & CITES, Controlled Deliveries. A Technique for Investigating Wildlife Crime (INTERPOL, 2007)
  • INTERPOL & UNEP, Strategic Report: Environment, Peace and Security, A Convergence of Threats (INTERPOL, 2016)
  • Iyengar, Arati, 'Forensic DNA analysis for animal protection and biodiversity conservation: A review' (2014) 22 Journal for Nature Conservation 195
  • Izzo, Jessica B, 'PC Pets for a Price: Combating Online and Traditional Wildlife Crime Through International Harmonization and Authoritative Policies' (2010) 34(3) William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 965
  • Jenks, Kate E et al, 'Do Ranger Stations Deter Poaching Activity in National Parks in Thailand?' (2012) 44 Biotropica 826
  • Khooshie Lal Panjabi, Ranee, 'For Trinkets, Tonics, and Terrorism: International Wildlife Poaching in the Twenty-First Century' (2014) 43 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 1
  • Kleinschmitt, Daniela et al, Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade: Dimensions, Drivers, Impacts and Responses, IUFRO World Series Vol. 35 (International Union of Forest Research Organizations 2016)
  • Linacre, Adrian M. T. & Shanan S. Tobe, Wildlife DNA Analysis: Applications in Forensic Science (John Wiley & Sons, 2013)
  • Mogomotsi. EJ Goemeone & Patricia Kefilwe Madigele, 'Live by the gun, die by the gun: Botswana's "shoot-to-kill" policy as an anti-poaching strategy' (2017) 60 South Africa Crime Quarterly 51
  • Nurse, Angus, 'Privatising the green police: the role of NGOs in wildlife law enforcement' (2013) 59 Crime, Law and Social Change 305
  • Nurse, Angus, Policing Wildlife: Perspectives on the Enforcement of Wildlife Legislation (Palgrave Macmilla, 2015)
  • Ogden, Robert, 'Forensic science, genetics and wildlife biology: getting the right mix for a wildlife DNA forensics lab' (2010) 6 Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 172
  • Palsbøll, Perj et al,'DNA registers of legally obtained wildlife and derived products as means to identify illegal takes' (2006) 20 Conservation Biology 1284
  • Polner, Mariya, 'Customs and Illegal Trade: Old Game - New Rules' (2015) 30(3) Journal of Borderlands Studies 329
  • Ratsimbazafy, Jonah et al, 'Madagascar', in Mahesh K Nalla & Graeme R Newman (eds), Community Policing in Indigenous Communities (CRC Press, 2018) 33
  • Runhovde, Rebekka, 'Taking the Path of Least Resistance? Decision-Making in Police Investigations of Illegal Wildlife Trade' (2016) 11(1) Policing 87
  • Scanlon, John E. & Lisa Farroway, 'Organisational Consortiums: The International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime', in Grant Pink & Rob White (eds), Environmental Crime and Collaborative State Intervention (2016) 77
  • Schneider, Jacqueline L., Sold into Extinction: The Global Trade in Endangered Species (Praeger, 2012)
  • Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), Revised Validation Guidelines (6 July 2004) National Criminal Justice Reference Service
  • Seeb, Lisa W et al, 'Development of a standardized DNA database for Chinook salmon' (2007) 32 Fisheries 540
  • Shaffer Michael J. & Joseph A. Bishop, 'Predicting and Preventing Elephant Poaching Incidents through Statistical Analysis, GIS-Based Risk Analysis, and Aerial Surveillance Flight Path Modeling' (2016) 9(1) Tropical Conservation Science 525
  • Shivji, S et al, 'Genetic profiling reveals illegal international trade in fins of the great white shark Carcharodon carcharias' (2005) 6(6) Conservation Genetics 1035
  • Slobodian, Lydia, Addressing Transnational Wildlife Crime through a Protocol to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime: A Scoping Paper (WWF, 2014)
  • Sonricker Hansen, Amy L et al, 'Digital Surveillance: A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Illegal Wildlife Trade' (2012) Plos One 1
  • Strydom, Hennie, 'Transnational Organised Crime and the Illegal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora', in Pierre Hauck & Sven Peterke (eds), International Law and Transnational Organised Crime (Oxford University Press, 2016) 264
  • Sundari Akella, Anita & Crawford Allan, Dismantling Wildlife Crime: Executive Summary (WWF & TRAFFIC, 2012)
  • Tobe, Shanan S et al, 'Tackling poaching: Recovery of human DNA profiles from deer remains' (2011) 3 Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series e265
  • Tomkins, Kevin, 'Police, Law Enforcement and the Environment' (2005) 16(3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 295
  • TRAFFIC, Enforcement of wildlife trade controls in EU Member States (TRAFFIC, 2005)
  • Uganda Wildlife Authority, Uganda Wildlife Authority to Prosecute Vietnamese Found in Possession of Wildlife Species (6 February 2019)
  • United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003)
  • United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)
  • UNEP, Environmental Courts & Tribunals, A Guide for Policy Makers (UNEP, 2016)
  • UNEP & INTERPOL, Green Carbon, Black Trade: Illegal Logging, Tax Fraud and Laundering in the Worlds Tropical Forests. A Rapid Response Assessment (Birkeland Trykkeir AS, 2012)
  • UNODC, Wildlife and Forest Crime: Overview (2019)
  • UNODC, Container Control Programme, Annual Report 2017 (UNODC, 2018a)
  • UNODC, Guide on Drafting Legislation to Combat Wildlife Crime (United Nations, 2018)
  • UNODC, Rotten Fish: A guide on addressing corruption in the fisheries sector (United Nations, 2019)
  • UNODC, Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit (United Nations, 2012)
  • UNODC, World Wildlife Crime Report: Trafficking in Protected Species (United Nations, 2016)
  • UNODC & CITES, A review of wildlife forensic science and laboratory capacity to support the implementation and enforcement of CITES (UNODC, 2016)
  • Wallace, John R & Jill C Ross, 'The Application of Forensic Science to Wildlife Evidence', in Jane E Huffman & John R Wallace (eds), Wildlife forensics: methods and applications (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) 35
  • Wasser, S K et al, 'Assigning African elephant DNA to geographic region of origin: Applications to the ivory trade' (2004) 101(41) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 14847
  • Wasser, S K et al., 'Genetic assignment of large seizures of elephant ivory reveals Africa's major poaching hotspots' (2015) 349 Science 84
  • Wellsmith, Melanie, 'Wildlife Crime: The Problems of Enforcement' (2011) 17 European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 125
  • WildlifeDirect, Annual Report 2015 (Wildlife Direct, 2015)
  • Withler, Ruth E et al, 'Forensic DNA analysis of Pacific salmonid samples for species and stock identification' (2004) 69 Environmental Biology of Fishes 275
  • Wildlife Justice Commission, Operation Dragon (December 2018)
  • World Bank, Tools and Resources to Combat Illegal Wildlife Trade (World Bank, 2018)
  • WWF, Tightening the Net: Toward a Global Legal Framework on Transnational Organized Environmental Crime (WWF, 2015)
  • Wyatt, Tanya, 'A comparative analysis of wildlife trafficking in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom' (2016) 2(1) Journal of Trafficking, Organized Crime and Security 62
  • Wyatt, Tanya, Wildlife Trafficking: A Deconstruction of the Crime, the Victims and the Offenders (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)

Regional perspective: Pacific Islands
  • Corrin, Jennifer, ‘Moving beyond the Hierarchical Approach to Legal Pluralism in the South Pacific’ (2009) 59 Journal of Legal Pluralism 29–48
  • Horne, Dylan, Policy responses to transnational wildlife crime in the Asia-Pacific, Part 2: Policy Responses at the national level and preliminary gap analysis, Transnational Environmental Crime Project, Working Paper 2/2013
  • McGarry, Dan, ‘Chinese fishing captains face jail, big fines for alleged illegal fishing in Vanuatu’, The Guardian (16 February 2021)
  • Radio New Zealand, ‘Samoa businessman pays fine for harvesting sea cucumber for trade’ (9 July 2020), Radio New Zealand News
  • Radio New Zealand, ‘Top Solomon Islands official charged with corruption’ (18 September 2017), Radio New Zealand News
  • Radio New Zealand, ‘Top Solomon Islands official guilty of corruption’ (18 April 2018), Radio New Zealand News
  • Royal Solomon Islands Police Force, Environmental Crime Manual, 2015
  • Samoa Government, Samoa Ocean Strategy 2020-2030: Integrated Management for a Healthy and Abundant Future of Samoa’s Ocean, 2020
  • Schloenhardt, Andreas, ‘Legal frameworks to combat organised crime in the Pacific Islands’ (2021) 22 Journal of South Pacific Law 41–68
  • Singh, Monika, ‘Bid to clamp down on illegal trade’, Fiji Times (9 October 2021)
  • Sosnowski, Monique C, Judith S Weis, and Gohar A Petrossian, ‘Using Crime Script Analysis to Understand the Illegal Harvesting of Live Corals: Case Studies from Indonesia and Fiji’ (2020) 36(3) Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 384–402
  • UNODC, Criminal Justice Response to Wildlife and Forest Crime in Papua New Guinea, Rapid Assesment (2022, unpublished)
  • UNODC, Transnational Organized Crime in the Pacific Islands: A Threat Assessment, 2016
  • Urbina, Ian, ‘Palau vs. the Poachers’, The New York Times Magazine (17 February 2016)
 
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