Instructions: For multiple-choice questions, circle the appropriate letter (e.g., "a", "b", "c", etc.). For true-false questions, circle "True" or "False."
A director of corrections structures the various departments around a philosophy that encourages the reforming of offenders into productive members of society. What punishment philosophy is the director expressing?
a) Specific deterrence
b) Incapacitation
c) Rehabilitation
d) Reconciliation
Which of the following definitions describes the purpose of specific deterrence?
a) To discourage the individual charged with a crime from re-offending in the future
b) To discourage others from committing the crime
c) To encourage a jury to make a fair recommendation of punishment to the judge
d) To encourage an offender to re-enter the community with new job skills
When a judge sentences a drug trafficker to prison so that other people are kept from drug trafficking crimes, the judge's sentence is best explained as meeting the goal of ________.
a) Specific deterrence
b) General deterrence
c) Rehabilitation
d) Incapacitation
The primary method of incapacitation in sentencing is imprisonment.
True
False
Governments confiscate assets from organized crime in order to ____________.
a) Disrupt and deter criminality
b) Undermine the fiscal structure of criminal organizations
c) Invest back into law enforcement and compensate victims
d) All of the above
The "three strikes" laws punish habitual and career criminals much more severely upon their ________.
a) Third conviction
b) Third release from parole
c) Third trial (irrespective of the outcome)
d) All of the above
More than 50% of countries in the world continue to practice death penalty as a form of punishment of serious offenders.
True
False
Confiscation of assets or property means the permanent _____________ of property by order of a court or other competent authority.
a) Deprivation
b) Deterrence
c) Incapacitation
d) Arrest
Confiscation by a State of proceeds of crime for which a conviction has been recorded is ___________.
a) Criminal forfeiture/confiscation
b) Civil forfeiture/confiscation
c) Unlawful forfeiture/confiscation
d) All of the above
A confiscation action in the absence of the conviction of the wrongdoer is______________.
a) Criminal forfeiture
b) Material forfeiture
c) Unlawful forfeiture
d) None of the above
Non-conviction-based confiscation requires a standard of proof that is higher than the standard required to obtain a conviction in a criminal court.
True
False
[Answer key: 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. true; 5. d; 6. a; 7. false; 8. a; 9. a; 10. d; 11. false]
