This Module introduces the gender dimensions of Trafficking in Persons (TIP) and Smuggling of Migrants (SOM).
TIP and SOM are two types of crimes. TIP is first and foremost a serious crime against persons and severe violation of human rights. SOM is primarily a crime against state sovereignty, yet human rights can be violated as part of SOM, especially in case of SOM with aggravating circumstances. These crimes are strongly connected with broader socio-economic and political issues that need to be considered (e.g. migration, global inequalities, unequal access to decent work opportunities, restrictive migration policies). Gender - and gender equality - is a key dimension. Considering gender is crucial, not only to guarantee that women and girls' realities are accounted for and included but also for a better understanding of how gendered inequalities and discrimination are related to TIP and SOM.
This Module is intended to be used as a stand-alone Module. However, it would be useful if students had a basic knowledge and understanding of Trafficking in Persons ( Module 6) and Smuggling of Migrants ( Module 1). Besides, this Module builds on and delves further into the notions and themes addressed in Module 15 "Gender and Organized Crime" of the Teaching Module Series on Organized Crime. In addition, Module 9 "Gender Dimensions of Ethics" of the Module Series on Integrity and Ethics might also be considered useful. To this end, cross-references to other Modules are included.
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