While the rights and entitlements developed throughout this Module are not unique to smuggled migrants, it is important to bear in mind that, at times, smuggled migrants may be in particularly vulnerable situations. For instance, as noted above, they are vulnerable to potential intimidation or retaliation by smugglers. Even if they do not intend to cooperate with State authorities, suspicion that they might do so may trigger aggressive behaviour from organized criminal groups. Special protective measures might, in such cases, be a priority. The violence and degrading treatment they might have suffered in the hands of smugglers is likely to require tailored professional support. They are prone to exploitation as well.
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Short-, mid- and long-term measures: responsibilities, roles and accountability
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