Instructions: For multiple-choice questions, circle the appropriate letter (e.g., "a", "b", "c", etc.). For true-false questions, circle "True" or "False."
According to the Organized Crime Convention, "organized criminal group" shall mean a structured group of two or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with this Convention, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.
True
False
According to the Organized Crime Convention, the term "structured group" is to be understood in a broad sense, so as to include different types of groups, yet excluding those groups that form randomly for the immediate commission of an offence.
True
False
What option from the ones offered below best fits the following description: "a group of interdependent actors in which there is a clear ranking among participants that distinguishes leaders from other members in the criminal enterprise"?
a) Hierarchy
b) Criminal network
c) Criminal enterprise
d) All of the above
The major feature of a hierarchical model of organized crime is _____________.
a) Ideological agenda
b) Top-to-bottom chain of command
c) Flexible membership
d) Informal and temporary leadership
Which of the following is a typical feature of an Italian mafia family?
a) It has a hierarchical structure
b) It controls a territory/neighbourhood
c) Membership is based on living in a particular neighbourhood, rather than blood relation to other members
d) none of the above
The local, cultural model of organized crime structure highlights the importance of ________________ as the basis for trust, which is fundamental to establish working relationships in illegal activities.
a) Heritage
b) Chain of command
c) Ideology
d) Poverty
e) All of the above
Which of the models best applies to small criminal groups, operating in neighbourhoods, or smaller regions or territories and controlling some portion of the illicit activity there?
a) Hierarchical model
b) Local, cultural model
c) Enterprise/business model
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
According to which of the following models are organized criminal groups seen as the product of illicit market forces, similar to those that cause legitimate businesses to flourish or die in the legal sector of the economy?
a) Hierarchical model
b) Local, cultural model
c) Enterprise/business model
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
According to the enterprise theory of organized crime, criminal groups that adopt a business enterprise model are not ethnically exclusive and generally do not rely on violence in the conduct of criminal activities.
True
False
Criminal organizations with an entrepreneurial structure are rarely centrally organized due to the nature of the markets and activities involved.
True
False
[Answer key: 1. false; 2. true; 3. a; 4. b; 5. a; 6. a; 7. b; 8. c; 9. true; 10. true]
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