قاعدة بيانات السوابق القضائية

تهريب المهاجرين

جريمة (جرائم)

• تمكين الدخول غير القانوني
• تيسير الإقامة غير المشروعة

الطريقة

• بحر

Resolución 3/2016

موجز لوقائع القضية

On 1 October 2011, at approximately 23.50, police authorities in the Maritime Station of Ceuta (Spain) assessed the vehicle driven by the defendant. The defendant intended to board the ferry in direction to Algeciras (mainland Spain). Authorities realised he was transporting a female woman – later determined to be his life partner – who did not possess the necessary documents to enter Spain. The defendant had provided his partner with an authentic Moroccan passport and a Spanish residence permit belonging to another person. He submitted these documents to authorities with the purpose of deceiving them and, consequently, receiving authorisation to board the ferry with his companion. In the vehicle also travelled the newly born son of the defendant and his common law wife.

 

 

Legal findings:

The Public Prosecutor had initially pursued criminal charges against the defendant’s companion for use of an authentic ID by an unauthorised person. The case against her was later dropped. The Provincial Court of Cádiz (Spain) convicted the defendant of attenuated migrant smuggling and, as necessary accomplice, use of an authentic identification document by unauthorised person.

 

For further details see “Commentary”. 

التعليقات والسمات الهامة

The Audiencia Provincial de Cádiz (Spain) noted as follows:

 

  • The applicable regime to the entry, transit and stay of foreigner in Spain varies according to whether they are nationals – or relatives of nationals – of Member States of the European Union or Economic European Area (EEA), on the one hand, or third countries, on the other. This is so as per (i) Article 1 Real Decreto 240/2007, (ii) Articles 1 and 25 Ley Orgánica sobre los Derechos y Liberdades de los Extranjeros en España y su Integración Social, and (iii) Article 3 Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 establishing a Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code).
  • In line with Article 25 Ley Orgánica sobre los Derechos y Liberdades de los Extranjeros en España y su Integración Social, the entry in Spain of non-nationals of the European Union or EEA shall present the necessary valid documents to attest (i) their identity (notably, an authentic passport), (ii) the purpose and scope of the stay in the country, (iii) the fact that they possess means of subsistence while in Spain or are in the position to provide for them.
  • The historical special relations between the Spanish autonomous city of Ceuta and Morocco have dictated a specific regime re the entry, circulation and stay of Moroccans therein. Thus, it is important to note that the facts under appraisal in the instant case regard the facilitation of illegal entry, transit and stay of an irregular Moroccan migrant in mainland Spain, independent of whether the same migrant was entitled or otherwise to enter, transit and stay in the territory of Ceuta.
  • The version of Article 318 bis Criminal Code in force at the time of the events punished the conduct of those that “directly or indirectly, promote, favour or facilitate illegal trafficking or clandestine migration of individuals from, in transit or with destination to Spain, or with destination to another country of the European Union”. While the scope of the provision is very ample – and regardless the position one may adopt regarding its fairness – it definitely intended to contemplate those situations whereby someone resorted to deceiving mechanisms – including fraudulent documents – to elude border control authorities. There is, in such situations, an extra quidthat goes beyond the mere breach of migratory fluxes’ control. This is precisely what occurred in casu. One is, at least, in presence of a situation of facilitation of clandestine migration.
  • Article 318 bis (5) establishes the attenuated crime-type of migrant smuggling, in consideration of the (i) minor gravity of the crime, (ii) specific personal circumstances of the defendant, and (iii) purpose pursued with the criminal conduct.
  • The general attenuating circumstance provided for in Article 23 Criminal Code – familial bonds – is to be applied in the instant case because, if for nothing else, the Public Prosecutor invoked its application. The Provincial Court is thus bound by the prohibition of reformatio in pejus.

 

Against this background, the Provincial Court of Cádiz convicted the defendant of attenuated migrant smuggling and, as necessary accomplice, use of an authentic ID by unauthorised person. Importantly, the Court noted that while the legal reform of the Criminal Code (and Article 318 bis specifically) had established lighter penalties for migrant smuggling, the previous version of the incriminating norm allowed for the replacement of imprisonment penalties by fines. Accordingly, it resorted to the law most beneficial to the defendant – i.e. the law in force at the time of events - in agreement with the Public Prosecutor. Consequently, it determined the penalty of imprisonment should be replaced by a fine of 1436 Euro.

 

 

NOTE: As per Spanish national law, the purpose of obtaining a financial or other material benefit is not a constitutive element of the crime but rather an aggravating circumstance (see SHERLOC Database on Legislation – Spain).

تاريخ صدور الحكم:
2016-01-12
الكاتب:
Provincial Court of Cádiz

القضايا الشاملة

مسؤولية

من أجل

• الجريمة المكتملة

تعتمد على ...

• القصد الإجرامي

تشمل ...

• الجاني الرئيسي / الجناة الرئيسيون

ارتكاب الأفعال الإجرامية

التفاصيل

• وقعت في واحد (أو أكثر) الحدود الدولية (عبر الحدود الوطنية)

البلدان المشاركة

إسبانيا

المغرب

التحقيقات

الهيئات المشاركة

• Criminal Police
• Public Prosecutor

المعلومات الإجرائية

النظام القانوني:
القانون المدني
نوع الإجراءات:
المجرم
 
مواصلة / تقدم #1:
  • المرحلة:
    غير ذلك
  • التفاصيل:
    Judgment
  • الرقم المرجعي الرسمي للقضية:
    Resolución 3/2016
  • المحكمة

    المحكمة الملكية

    Provincial Court of Cádiz
     

    المحكمة الملكية

    Audiencia Provincial de Cádiz
     

    الموقع

  • المدينة/البلدة:
    Ceuta
  • اقليم:
    Spain
  • • المجرم

    الوصف

    Summary proceedings 0000015/2012. Oral proceedings took place on 15 December 2015.

     

    النتيجة

  • الحكم:
    مذنب
  • الأحكام

    الحكم

    مدة عقوبة السجن:
     11 الأشهر
     

    9 months for migrant smuggling and 2 months and 29 days for use of authentic identification document by unauthorised person

     

    Note: The Provincial Court of Cádiz determined the replacement of the penalty of imprisonment  for migrant smuggling by a fine in the amount of 1436 Euro.

    غرامة

    جزاء/تسديد ديون/دفع مال

    ملحوظة

    Amount: 1 month and 14 days at the daily rate of 2 Euro.

     

    العقوبات الأخرى

    Suspension of the right to be elected for public office for the duration of the sentence
     

    المدعى عليهم / المتهمون في المحكمة الابتدائية

    المدعى عليه:
    D
    نوع الجنس:
    ذكر
    الجنسية:
    مغربي
    تاريخ الميلاد:
    1977

    No prior criminal record. In custody from 1 October 2011 until 26 October 2011, for reasons related to the instant case.

    الاتهامات/الادعاءات/القرارات

    المدعى عليه:
    D
    الاتهامات:
    Crimes against the rights of foreign citizens
    التشريع البرلماني / القانون النظامي:
    Criminal CodeArticle 318bis (1) and (5)
    الحكم:
    Guilty
    الاتهامات:
    Use of authentic identification document by unauthorised person (necessary accomplice)
    التشريع البرلماني / القانون النظامي:
    Criminal CodeArticles 392 (2) and 400 bis