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Trata de personas

The State (V. P. Road Police Station, Mumbai) v. Kalpana Ranganath Galphade

Resumen de los hechos

The accused Kalpana Ranganath Galphade was prosecuted for offences punishable under Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (hereinafter referred to as the ITPA).

The brief facts of the case were that representatives of an NGO – International Justice Mission, complained to the police in Mumbai that the accused was running a brothel by keeping and detaining girls for prostitution work. The police conducted a raid with appropriate witnesses and bogus customers.

During the trial, all the key witnesses were examined including one of the rescued victim girl, RM. It was also brought out during the trial that the accused was a habitual offender and had committed similar offences in the past.

Based on the evidence on record and oral testimonies of the witnesses including the victim - witness, the Trial Court held the accused guilty of offences punishable under Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of ITPA. The accused was sentenced to several counts of punishments. The Trial Court also passed an Order of Attachment of brothel under Section 18 of ITPA.

The Trial Court commended the role played by NGOs as social welfare organizations, especially in the matter of social justice. The court stated that under Section 13(3)(b) of ITPA, the State Governments have been directed to take advice from social welfare workers. A practical approach is needed during evaluating evidence under special circumstances, such as raid at a brothel. No common man of society would readily accept to perform the role of customer for visiting a brothel. A stigma and risk is attached to such participation. Therefore, the selection of panchas (witnesses) and bogus customers from the members of the International Justice Mission in the given set of circumstances was acceptable and appropriate.

Comentario y aspectos destacados

Please see attached at the bottom of this case summary, an in-depth analysis of the case, to allow practitioners an opportunity to examine issues in a fuller and more detailed context. For more in-depth analysis of Human Trafficking cases, please check the UNODC's Case Digest on Evidential Issues in Trafficking in Persons Cases HERE. Also Available in French; Précis de Jurisprudence sur les Questions de Preuve dans les Affaires de Traite des Personnes.

Fecha de la Sentencia:
2010-08-26
Autor:
UNODC Regional Office for South Asia

Palabras clave

Trafficking in Persons Protocol:
Artículo 3, Protocolo contra la la trata de personas
Artículo 5, Protocolo contra la la trata de personas
Hechos:
Acogida
Medio:
Amenaza o al uso de la fuerza u otras formas de coacción
Abuso de poder o de una situación de vulnerabilidad
Fines de explotación:
Explotación de la prostitución ajena u otras formas de explotación sexual
Forma de la Trata:
Nacional
Sector en el que la explotación se lleva a cabo:
Explotación sexual comercial

Cuestiones transversales

Responsabilidad

Responsabilidad por

• Delito consumado

Base de responsabilidad

• Intención dolosa

Responsabilidad implica

• Delincuentes principales

Delincuente/Delito

Países interesados

India

Consideraciones de igualdad de género

Detalles

• Consideraciones relacionadas con el género
• Mujeres como infractoras principales

Información sobre el procedimiento

Sistema jurídico:
Derecho anglosajón
Última sentencia judicial:
Tribunal de primera instancia

1st Instance:

Court: Court of Metropolitan Magistrate, Special Court for ITPA, 54th Court, Mazgaon, Mumbai

Location: Mumbai / State of Maharashtra

Date of decision: 2010 - 08 - 26

 
 

Víctima / Demandantes de primera instancia

Víctima:
R.M.
Sexo:
Mujer
Nacionalidad:
indio
Edad:
18
Víctima:
S.B.
Sexo:
Mujer
Nacionalidad:
indio
Edad:
18
Víctima:
S.
Sexo:
Mujer
Nacionalidad:
indio
Edad:
21
Acusación:
The State (V. P. Road Police Station, Mumbai)

Acusado / Demandado de primera instancia

Apelado:
Kalpana Ranganath Galphade
Sexo:
Mujer
Nacionalidad:
indio
Razonamiento jurídico:

Based on the evidence on record and oral testimonies of the witnesses including the rescued victim girl RM, the Trial Court held the accused guilty of all charged offences under the ITPA.

Cargos/Acusaciones/Decisiones

Apelado:
Kalpana Ranganath Galphade
Legislación/Código:

Section 3 of Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (hereinafter referred to as ITPA)

Section 3 -  Punishment for keeping a brothel or allowing premises to be used as a brothel - (1) Any person who keeps or manages, or acts or assists in the keeping or management of, a brothel, shall be punishable on first conviction with rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less than one year and not more than three years and also with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees and in the event of a second or subsequent to conviction with rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less than two years and not more than five years and also with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees.

(2) any person who:
(a) being the tenant, lessee, occupier or person in charge of any premises, uses, or knowingly allows any other person to use, such premises or any part thereof as a brothel, or

(b) being the owner, lessor or landlord of any premises or the agent of such owner, lessor or landlord, lets the same or any part thereof with the knowledge that the same or any part thereof is intended to be used as a brothel, or is willfully a party to the use of such premises or any part thereof as a brothel,

shall be punishable on first conviction with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years and with fine which fine which may extend to two thousand rupees and in the event of a second or subsequent conviction, with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years and also with fine.

(2-A) For the purposes of sub-section (2), it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that any person referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) of that sub-section, is knowingly allowing the premises or any part thereof to be used as a brothel or, as the case may be, has knowledge that the premises or any part thereof are being used as a brothel, if:

(a) a report is published in a newspaper having circulation in the area in which such person resides to the effect that the premises or any part thereof have been found to be used for prostitution as a result of a search made under this Act; or

(b) a copy of the list of all things found during the search referred to in clause (a) is given to such person.

(3) Notwithstanding any thing contained in any other law for the time being in force, on conviction of any person referred to in clause (a) or clause (d) of sub-section (2) of any offence under that sub-section in respect of any premises or any part thereof, any lease or agreement under which such premises have been leased out or held or occupied at the time of the commission of the offence, shall become void and inoperative with effect from the date of the said conviction.


Veredicto:
Guilty
Legislación/Código:

Section 4 of  ITPA

Section 4 -  Punishment for living on the earnings of prostitution - (1) Any person over the age of eighteen years who knowingly lives, wholly or in part, on the earnings of the prostitution of any other person shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both, and where such earnings relate to the prostitution of a child or a minor, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term of not less than seven years and not more than ten years.

(2) Where any person over the age of eighteen years is proved,

(a) to be living with, or to be habitually in the company of, a prostitute; or

(b) to have exercised control, direction or influence over the movements of a prostitute in such a manner as to show that such person is aiding abetting or compelling her prostitution; or

(c)to be acting as a tout or pimp on behalf of a prostitute,it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that such person is knowingly living on the earnings of prostitution of another person within the meaning of sub-section (1).

Veredicto:
Guilty
Legislación/Código:

Section 5 of  ITPA

Section 5 -  Procuring, inducing or taking person for the sake of prostitution – (1) Any person who

(a) procures or attempts to procure a person whether with or without his/her consent, for the purpose of prostitution; or

(b) induces a person to go from any place, with the intent that he/she may for the purpose of prostitution become the inmate of, or frequent, a brothel; or

(c) takes or attempts to take a person or causes a person to be taken, from one place to another with a view to his/her carrying on, or being brought up to carry on prostitution ; or

(d) causes or induces a person to carry on prostitution;

shall be punishable on conviction with rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less than three years and not more than seven years and also with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, and if any offence under this sub-section is committed against the will of any person, the punishment of imprisonment for a term of seven years shall extend to imprisonment for a term of fourteen years:

Provided that if the person in respect of whom an offence committed under this sub-section,

(i) is a child, the punishment provided under this sub-section shall extend to rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less than seven years but may extend to life; and

(ii) is a minor, the punishment provided under this sub-section shall extend to rigorous imprisonment for a term of not less than seven years and not more than fourteen years.

[2] (2) [ **** ** ]

(3) An offence under this section shall be triable,

(a) in the place from which a person is procured, induced to go, taken or caused to be taken or from which an attempt to procure or taken such persons made; or

(b) in the place to which she may have gone as a result of the inducement or to which he/she is taken or caused to be taken or an attempt to take him/her is made.

Veredicto:
Guilty
Legislación/Código:

Section 6 of  ITPA

Section 6 -  Detaining a person in premises where prostitution is carried on - (1) Any person who detains any other person, whether with or without his consent,

(a) in any brothel, or

(b) in or upon any premises with intent that such person may have sexual intercourse with a person who is not the spouse of such person, shall be punishable on conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may be for life or for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine:

Provided that the court may for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term which may be less than seven years.

(2) Where any person is found with a child in a brothel, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that he has committed an offence under sub-section (1).

(2-A) Where a child or minor found in a brothel, is, on medical examination, detected to have been sexually abused, it shall be presumed unless the contrary is proved, that the child or minor has been detained for purposes of prostitution or, as the case may be, has been sexually exploited for commercial purposes.

(3) A person shall be presumed to detain a person in a brothel or in upon any premises for the purpose of sexual intercourse with a man other than her lawful husband, if such person, with intent to compel or induce her to remain there:

(a) withholds from her any jewellery, wearing apparel, money or other property belonging to her, or

(b) threatens her with legal proceedings if she takes away with her any jewellery, wearing apparel, money or other property lent or supplied to her by or by the direction of such person.

(4) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, no suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against such woman or girl at the instance of the person by whom she has been detained, for the recovery of any jewellery, wearing apparel or other property alleged to have been lent or supplied to or for such woman or girl or to have been pledged by such woman or girl or for the recovery of any money alleged to be payable by such woman or girl.

Veredicto:
Guilty
Legislación/Código:

Section 7 of  ITPA

Section 7 -  Prostitution in or in the vicinity of public place - (1) Any person who carries on prostitution and the person with whom such prostitution is carried on, in any premises:

(a) which are within the area or areas, notified under sub-section (3), or

(b) which are within a distance of two hundred meters of any place of public religious worship, educational institution, hotel, hospital, nursing home or such other public place of any kind as may be notified in this behalf by the Commissioner of Police or Magistrate in the manner prescribed,

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months.

(1-A) Where an offence committed under sub-section (1) is in respect of a child or minor, the person committing the offence shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which not be less than seven years but which may be for life or for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine:

Provided that the Court may, for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than seven years.

(2) Any person who:

(a) being the keeper of any public place knowingly permits prostitutes for purposes of their trade to resort to or remain in such place; or

(b) being the tenant, lessee, occupier or person in charge of any premises referred to in sub-section (1) knowingly permits the same or any part thereof to be used for prostitution; or

(c) being the owner, lessor or landlord of any premises referred to in sub-section (1), or the agent of such owner, lessor or landlord, lets the same or any part thereof with the knowledge that the same or any part thereof may be used for prostitution, or is wilfully a party to such use;

shall be punishable on first conviction with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both, and in the event of a second or subsequent conviction with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months and also with fine, which may extend to two hundred rupees, and if the public place or premises happen to be a hotel, the licence for carrying on the business of such hotel under any law for the time being in force shall also be liable to be suspended for a period of not less than three months but which may extend to one year:

Provided that if an offence committed under this sub-section is in respect of a child or minor in a hotel, such licence shall also be liable to be cancelled.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, “hotel” shall have the meaning as in clause (6) of Section 2 of the Hotel-Receipts Tax Act, 1980 (54 of 1980).

(3) The State Government may, having regard to the kinds of persons frequenting any area or areas in the State, the nature and the density of population therein and other relevant considerations, by notification in the official Gazette, direct that the prostitution shall not be carried on in such area or areas as may be specified in the notification.

(4) Where the notification is issued under Sub-section (3) in respect of any area or areas, the State Government shall define the limits of such area or areas in the notification with reasonable certainty.

(5) No such notification shall be issued so as to have effect from a date earlier than the expiry of a period of ninety days after the date on which it is issued.

Veredicto:
Guilty
For offence under Section 3 of ITPA, the accused was sentenced to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of 3 (Three) years and pay fine of Rs. 2,000/­; in default of payment of fine to suffer Simple Imprisonment for a term of 1 (One) month. For offence under Section 4 of ITPA, the accused was sentenced to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of 2 (Two) years and to pay fine of Rs1,000/;in default of payment of fine to suffer Simple Imprisonment for a term of 15 (Fifteen) days. For offence under Section 5 of ITPA, the accused was sentenced to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of 3 (Three) years and to pay fine of Rs. 2,000/­; in default of payment of fine to suffer Simple Imprisonment for a term of 1 (One) Month. For offence under Section 6 of ITPA, the accused was sentenced to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of 3 (Three) years and to pay fine of Rs. 2,000/­; in default of payment of fine to suffer Simple Imprisonment for a term of 1 (One) Month. For offence under Section 7 of ITPA, the accused was sentenced to suffer Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of 3 (Three) months.
Indemnización/Pago a la víctima:
No 
Multa/Pago al Estado:
Sí  (Up to 10,000 USD)

Tribunal

Special Court for ITPA

Fuentes/Citas

Save the Children, India - http://www.savethechildren.in/